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| 1839 | Asia - Afghanistan | First Anglo-Afghan War | 1839 | Europe - France François Arago, 1839, 10 August (event) 1864 (published), Fig. 12 Arago annonce la découverte de Daguerre, Engraving, Google Books, | Details of the photographic process for creating Daguerreotypes is announced in France by François Arago, a widely respected member of the Académie des Sciences, at a meeting in Paris revealing the work of Louis-Jacques-Mande Daguerre and his inventions. In exchange for a state pension to Daguerre and the son of Niépce the process is given freely to the world. The process is taken up with enthusiasm and the period of Daguerreotypomania begins. | 1839 | Europe - Great Britain John Herschel, 1864 (published), Fig. 21. John Herschell [sic.], Engraving, Google Books, | Sir John Frederick William Herschel (1792-1871) presents his paper Note on the art of Photography, or The Application of the Chemical Rays of Light to the Purpose of Pictorial Representation to the Royal Society and this is the first time the word photography is used. | 1839 | North America - USA Samuel F.B. Morse, n.d., Morse Daguerreotype Camera, National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution, | The American inventor Samuel Morse (1791-1872) meets with Louis Jacques Mandé Daguerre in Paris and learns the Daguerreotype process. After returning to the USA he promotes the process and trains people including Mathew Brady (1823-1896) who becomes one of the most important American portrait photographers and records the American Civil War (1861-1865). | 1839 | Europe - Great Britain Antoine Claudet, 1844 (ca), William Henry Fox Talbot, Daguerreotype, British Library, | Henry Fox Talbot submits his paper Some account of the Art of Photogenic Drawing, or the process by which natural objects may be made to delineate themselves without the aid of the artist's pencil at the Royal Society in London. | 1839 | North America - USA | D.W. Seager takes the first successful Daguerreotype in North America - the subject is St Paul's Church, New York. | 1839 | Europe - Great Britain | Francis West, a London optician, advertises the first camera on sale to the public. | 1839 | Europe - France Hippolyte Bayard, 1847, [Self-Portrait in the Garden], Salted paper print, J. Paul Getty Museum, | Hippolyte Bayard holds the world's first exhibition of photographic prints when he displayed thirty of his works. | 1839 | North America - USA | The transatlantic steamer Great Western docks in New York at 7 a.m., Sept. 10, 1839 bringing the French and English newspapers that announce the Daguerreotype and include the first instructions for their production. | 1839 | Europe - UK | Mechanic's Magazine (vol. 32, no. 847, pp. 77-78) reprints an article from The Atheneum on "Patenting of M. Daguerre's Process in England". Louis-Jacques-Mande Daguerre patented his discovery in England but it was free to use elsewhere. | 1839 | Africa - Egypt Frédéric Goupil-Fesquet, 1839 (taken) 1842 (engraving), Harem de Mehmet-Ali at Alexandria, [Excursions daguerriennes: Vues et monuments les plus remarquables du globe], Engraving, based on daguerreotype, Internet - Original source ill-defined, | The first group to visit Egypt with a camera, supplied by Lerebours, were the painters Horace Vernet and Frédéric Goupil-Fesquet who made daguerreotypes. | 1839 | Europe - France | Gazette de France publishes the first announcement of the invention of photography. | 1839 | Europe - France C. Barth, 1840 (ca), François Arago, Lithograph, Archive Farms, | François Arago (1786-1853) gives a brief announcement of the discovery of Louis Jacques Mandé Daguerre of the daguerreotype at the Académie des Sciences in Paris. The work of Joseph Nicéphore Niépce is not credited in the announcement but this is rectified in the following days by Francis Bauer. | 1839 | Europe - France Louis Jacques Mandé Daguerre, 1822 (or later), Vue de Chateau d'Eau prise du Boulevard St. Martin, Lithograph, Private collection of Carlos Gabriel Vertanessian, | The diorama in Paris of Louis Jacques Mandé Daguerre is destroyed by fire at the same time as he is showing his photographic discoveries to Samuel F.B. Morse. | 1840 | North America - USA | Alexander Simon Wolcott and John Johnson open the world's first Daguerreian Parlor in New York. | 1840 | Europe - Austria | First lens designed specifically for photographic purposes by Hungarian-born Józeph Petzval (1807-1891). | 1840 | Europe - Great Britain Julia Margaret Cameron, 1867, 7 April, Sir John Frederick William Herschel, Baronet, Collingswood, Albumen print, Museum Folkwang, | John Herschel successfully fixes sensitized paper using his 1819 discovery of hyposulphite of soda dissolved in silver salts still used today called hypo. | 1840 | North America - USA John William Draper, 1840, Spectrograph, Daguerreotype, National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution, | John William Draper (1811-1882) takes the first Daguerrian plate showing the solar spectrum. | 1841 | Central America | Frederick Catherwood (1799-1854) and John Lloyd Stephens (1805-1852) publish Incidents of Travel in Central America, Chiapas, and Yucatan. | 1841 | Europe - Great Britain Antoine Claudet, 1844 (ca), William Henry Fox Talbot, Daguerreotype, British Library, | Henry Fox Talbot patents the calotype process. It is a negative-positive process that has advantages over the Daguerreotype positives of which there was only ever a single copy. Calotypes were also called Talbotypes though the inventor never approved of this. | 1841 | Europe - Great Britain | Henry Collen opens the first Calotype studio in London under a license from Henry Fox Talbot and uses the portraits as a starting point for miniatures. | 1841 | Europe - Ireland Beard Studio, 1860 (ca), Portrait of Richard Beard, Carte de visite, Private collection of Geoffrey Batchen, | The first Daguerreotype studio in Ireland opens in Dublin above "the Rotunda". It was probably under the auspices of Richard Beard but this is not certain. On 23rd April 1842 an advertisement appeared announcing that Le Chevalier Alexander Doussin Dubreuil had commenced practice at this address. | 1842 | Europe - France Noël Marie Paymal Lerebours, 1841-1842, Excursions daguerriennes : vues et monuments les plus remarquables du globe. (Title page, vol. 1) ([1841]-1842), [Excursions daguerriennes : vues et monuments les plus remarquables du globe], Title page - Aquatint, NYPL - New York Public Library, | Excursions Daguérriennes, by Noël Marie Paymal Lerebours is published; it is the first travel book illustrated with engravings from original daguerreotypes. | 1842 | Europe - Germany Hermann Biow, 1842, [The destruction of the Hamburg fire of 1842], Daguerreotype, Museum für Hamburgische Geschichte / Museum of Hamburg History, | The devastation of the Hamburg Fire is captured on daguerreotype plates by Hermann Biow and it is probably the first news event ever photographed. | 1842 | Europe - Great Britain Richard Beard, n.d., Signature of Daguerreotypist Richard Beard, Stereographica - Antique Photographica, | Richard Beard opens his public portrait studio for Daguerreotypes on the roof of the Royal Polytechnic Institution in London. | 1843 | Europe - Scotland Hill & Adamson, 1843 (ca), D.O. Hill, Salted paper print, George Eastman Museum, | The partnership of Hill & Adamson (David Octavius Hill and Robert Adamson) forms in Scotland. They jointly produce outstanding portraits until the premature death of Adamson in 1848. | 1843 | North America - Mexico Unidentified photographer / artist, 1848, Izamal, Gigantic Head, Book illustration, Google Books, | John Lloyd Stephens (1805-1852) was one of the great explorers of the Mesoamerican archaeological sites of Yucatan in Mexico. For the discoveries he described in his book Incidents of Travel in Yucatan (1843) Dr. Cabot took daguerreotypes. | 1844 | North America - USA Mathew B. Brady, n.d., Business card for Brady's Daguerrean Galleries, Business card, Archives of Modern Conflict OR National Gallery of Canada, | Mathew Brady (1823–1896) establishes a photographic studio in Washington. | 1844 | Europe - Great Britain Henry Fox Talbot, 1844, Cover for The Pencil of Nature by William Henry Fox Talbot, [The Pencil of Nature], Book cover, Hans P. Kraus, Jr., Inc., | Henry Fox Talbot publishes the first part of The Pencil of Nature which is one of the first books containing photographs. It comes out in an instalment of six parts between 1844 and 1846 and contains 24 photographs in total. | 1844 | Asia - China Jules Itier, 1844, November, Groupe pris dans une rue de Canton, Daguerreotype, Musée français de la Photographie, | Jules Itier (1802-1877) with the French customs service on a commercial mission to China takes what may be the earliest photographs of Macao [Macau] and wrote:
"I spent the last two days capturing the most interesting features of Macau on daguerreotype; the people on the streets respond with greatest kindness to all my demands, and many Chinese allowed photographs to be taken of them, but I had to show them the inside of the apparatus and the object reflected on the polished glass." As the head of the French trade commission in China he takes a Daguerreotype of the signing of the Sino-French peace treaty. |
1845 | Asia - India | Anglo Sikh War | 1845 | Europe - Great Britain Henry Fox Talbot, 1845, Book cover for "Sun Pictures in Scotland" by William Henry Fox Talbot, [Sun Pictures in Scotland], Book cover, St. Andrews University Library, Special Collections / The Photographic Collection, | Henry Fox Talbot publishes Sun Pictures in Scotland that includes locations associated with the novelist Sir Walter Scott (1771-1832). | 1845 | North America - USA William Langenheim, 1849-1851 (ca), Frederick Langenheim Looking at Talbotypes, Daguerreotype, Metropolitan Museum of Art, | Langenheim & Langenheim , the two brothers William and Frederick, take a panorama of Niagara Falls using five separate Daguerreotypes. | 1845 | Europe - France Armand Hippolyte Fizeau, 1864 (published), Fig. 13. M. Fizeau, Engraving, Google Books, | Armand Hippolyte Fizeau (1819-1896) working with Léon Foucault (1819-1868) takes the first photograph of the sun. | 1846 | North America Unidentified photographer, 1846 (ca), Exeter, N.H. [Exeter, New Hampshire, volunteers leaving for the Mexican War], [Mexican-American War], Daguerreotype, 1/4 plate, Amon Carter Museum, | Mexican War - it ends with the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848). The surviving daguerreotypes are among the earliest taken of a war. | 1847 | Europe - Great Britain | The Calotype Club is founded in London. | 1847 | North America - USA | The African-American photographers Glenalvin and Wallace Goodridge establish their daguerreotype studio in York, Pennsylvania. | 1847 | North America - USA Thomas Easterly, 1847, 18 June (taken) 1874-1878 (cabinet card), Daguerreotype of a Streak of Lightning taken June 18th 1847 at 9 o'clock P.M. By T.M. Easterly St. Louis Mo., Cabinet card, Missouri Historical Society, | Thomas Easterly makes what may be the first ever photograph of a streak of lightning on a daguerreotype plate. | 1848 | North America - USA Unidentified photographer, 1850 (ca), Straw-hatted gold miner, Daguerreotype, 1/4 plate, Archives of Modern Conflict OR National Gallery of Canada, | Start of the Gold Rush with the vast movements of migrants leading to the establishment of California in 1850. | 1848 | Asia - India | Anglo Sikh War | 1848 | Europe Charles-François Thibault, 1848, 26 June, The Barricade in rue Saint-Maur-Popincourt after the attack by General Lamoricière's troops, Daguerreotype, Source requested, | Known as the Year of Revolutions in Europe with the Chartist uprising in London and the establishment of the Second Republic in France with bloody riots. | 1848 | Global | Communist Manifesto published | 1849 | Middle East Maxime Du Camp, 1850, Kalabscheh. Ptolémée Caesarion, [Egypte, Nubie, Palestine et Syrie, pl. 91], Papier salé d'après négatif papier, Bibliothèque Nationale de France, Département des Estampes et de la Photographie, | Maxime Du Camp (1822–1894) sets out on an official mission to photograph the sites and monuments of Egypt, Palestine and Syria. | 1849 | Europe - Great Britain Maull & Polyblank, n.d., Scottish Physicist, Sir David Brewster (1781-1868), inventor of the refracting stereoscope and the Kaleidoscope. He is also credited with inventing the first twin lens stereoscopic camera., Carte de visite, Stereographica - Antique Photographica, | Sir David Brewster develops the lenticular stereoscope. | 1850 | Europe - Great Britain Richard Beard, 1861, The Oyster Stall, Book illustration, Google Books, | Henry Mayhew publishes London Labor and London Poor with wood engravings based on Daguerreotypes that were taken under the supervision of Richard Beard (1802-1885). | 1850 | Europe - France Victor Mottez (1809-1897, painter), 1859, Portrait of Louis-Désiré Blanquart-Evrard, Oil painting, Musée des Beaux-Arts, | Louis-Désiré Blanquart-Evrard perfects a process for making positive prints coated with albumen. This is one of the most popular types of photographic prints through the nineteenth century. | 1850 | North America - USA Unidentified photographer / artist, n.d., Untitled, Archives of Modern Conflict OR National Gallery of Canada, | The first issue of The Daguerreian Journal: devoted to the Daguerreian and Photogenic Arts is published in New York. It is the world's first photographic journal. | 1850 | Europe - France | Louis Jules Duboscq in Paris manufactures the first functioning stereoscopic viewer. | 1850 | North America - USA Mathew B. Brady, 1851, January, M. Brady, Magazine illustration, engraving, Google Books, | Mathew Brady publishes his collection A Gallery of Illustrious Americans. | 1851 | Europe - Great Britain | The Great Exhibition of the Works of Industry of All Nations at Hyde Park in London promoted by Prince Albert and Queen Victoria. Louis Jules Duboscq exhibits a Brewster stereograph viewer and it attracts the attention of Queen Victoria. | 1851 | Europe - France | Missions Héliographiques established in France with Édouard Baldus, Hippolyte Bayard, Gustave Le Gray, Henri Le Secq and Auguste Mestral recording the architectural patrimony of France. | 1851 | Europe - Great Britain Frederick Scott Archer, 1855 (ca), Frederick Scott Archer, Albumen print, Creative Commons - Wikipedia, | Frederick Scott Archer publishes his invention of the wet collodion process in a copy of The Chemist. Although a more complex process than Daguerreotype it has finer detail and a faster exposure time. It was the basis for the ambrotype and the tintype that became popular later in the decade. | 1851 | Europe - France Victor Mottez (1809-1897, painter), 1859, Portrait of Louis-Désiré Blanquart-Evrard, Oil painting, Musée des Beaux-Arts, | Louis-Désiré Blanquart-Evrard (1802-1872) opens a photographic print making firm in Lille. The Maxime Du Camp work Egypte, Nubie, Palestine et Syrie that starts to appear in instalments from September 1851 onwards is the first book it produces the plates for. | 1851 | Europe - France unknown artist, 1858, 2 October (published), Jean-Baptiste-Louis Gros, Magazine illustration, Creative Commons - Wikipedia, | The Societé Héliographique is founded in Paris. Headed by Baron Jean-Baptiste-Louis Gros (1793-1870) the society includes Gustave Le Gray, Henri-Victor Regnault, Henri Le Secq and the painter Delacroix. | 1851 | Europe - France Eugene Piot, 1853, Florence: Santa Maria del Fiore. Détails du 1er et du 2e ordre. 1296 et 1425, [L'Italie Monumentale], Salted paper print, Ecole nationale supérieure des beaux-arts (ENSBA), | The photographs of Eugène Piot are used for the first French book illustrated with photographs - Italie Monumentale. | 1851 | Europe - Great Britain David Brewster, 1864 (published), Fig. 115 David Brewster, Engraving, Google Books, | Queen Victoria is presented with a deluxe stereoscope by David Brewster beginning the craze in stereographs. | 1852 | North America - USA | Uncle Tom's Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe (1811-1896) is published. | 1853 | Europe - France Nadar, n.d., Nadar, Carte de visite, Archives of Modern Conflict OR National Gallery of Canada, | Nadar (Gaspard-Félix Tournachon) opens a photographic studio in Paris that rapidly becomes the leading portrait studio for the cultured elite of Parisian society. | 1853 | North America - USA | New York Exhibition of the Industry of All Nations | 1853 | North America - USA George N. Barnard, 1853, July 5, Fire in the Ames Mills, Oswego, New York, Daguerreotype, 1/6 plate, with applied colour, George Eastman Museum, | Two photographs are taken of the burning Mills at Oswego, New York by George N. Barnard who would become one of the great photographers of the American Civil War (1861-1865). | 1853 | North America - USA Platt D. Babbitt, 1853, July, [Joseph Avery stranded on rocks in the Niagara River], Daguerreotype, Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, | Platt D. Babbit photographs events leading up to the tragic death of Joseph Avery at Niagara Falls. Babbitt was awarded a monopoly to take Daguerreotypes at the Falls in 1853, using the Horseshoe Falls as his setting, and sells his plates to tourists. | 1853 | North America - USA Unidentified photographer / artist, 1854, Hancock House, Boston: An original Crystallotype or Sun Picture, Title page, Google Books, | Homes of American Statesman is published and is the first American book containing a photograph. The photograph is a tipped in salt print frontispiece of John Hancock's Boston house. | 1853 | Europe - Great Britain Roger Fenton, 1852, February, [Self-Portrait], Albumen silver print, from glass negative, Metropolitan Museum of Art, | Preliminary meetings are held with a view to forming the Photographic Society of London. The first public meeting takes place on 20th January 1854. Roger Fenton is the Honorary Secretary for the group and Charles Eastlake the first President. | 1853 | North America - USA Washington Lafayette Germon, n.d., Quarter plate Mascher Stereo Daguerreotype by W. L German, Philadelphia., Daguerreotype, 1/4 plate, Stereographica - Antique Photographica, | John Frederick Mascher of Philadelphia, USA patents a stereo viewing apparatus consisting of a case with a fold-out set of lenses. These are now known as Mascher stereo cases. | 1854 | Asia - Japan Eliphalet Brown, 1856, Eliphalet M. Brown Jr. shooting Daguerreotypes in Okinawa, Lithograph, detail, Private collection of Rob Oechsle, | Japan is opened to outside influences through the actions of Commodore Matthew Perry and his naval expeditions. | 1854 | North America - USA | Henry David Thoreau (1817-1862) publishes Walden, or, Life in the Woods. | 1854 | Europe - France André Adolphe-Eugène Disdéri, n.d., André Adolphe-Eugène Disdéri, Carte de visite, Archives of Modern Conflict OR National Gallery of Canada, | André Adolphe-Eugène Disdéri is granted a patent for carte-de-visite. Eight poses were made on a single sheet and then they could be cut down to 2 1/4 x 3 1/2 inches and mounted on a 2 1/2 x 4 inch card.
His studio was established using the dowry of his wife Elizabeth who was also a photographer and his business partner. (McCauley, Elizabeth A., 1985, A.A.E. Disderi and the Carte De Visite Portrait Photograph, Yale University Press) |
1854 | Asia - India | Photographic Society of Bombay is founded | 1854 | Asia Roger Fenton, 1855, Valley of the Shadow of Death, Salt print, J. Paul Getty Museum, | Crimean War | 1854 | Europe - Great Britain | At the first exhibition of the Photographic Society in London Roger Fenton explains the photographs to the royal party of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert. | 1854 | North America - USA Fred Church, 1890, February, George Eastman on board S.S. Gallia, Albumen print, Kodak #2 snapshot, George Eastman Museum, | George Eastman (1854-1932) is born in Waterville, New York. | 1854 | Europe - Great Britain Philip Henry Delamotte, 1859 (ca), Statues of the Egyptian pharaoh Rameses II were copied from the temple of Abu Simbel, [Crystal Palace], National Monuments Record, English Heritage, | Philip Henry Delamotte photographs the opening ceremony of the Crystal Palace at Sydenham. This is the culmination of his study of the entire rebuilding process and is one of the first examples of photojournalism. | 1854 | Europe - Great Britain Isaac A. Rehn, 1855, Family Group, Ambrotype, 1/2 plate, mounted by Rehn's special process, George Eastman Museum, | Ambrotypes (collodion positives) make their first appearance having being invented by Frederick Scott Archer (1813-1857) with the assistance of Peter Fry. Being a negative on a glass base they were cheaper than the Daguerreotype but retained the clarity of detail. | 1854 | Europe - Great Britain | George Swan Nottage (1823-85) founds the London Stereoscopic Company. The company has the motto "a stereoscope in every home" and within a few years boasts over 100,000 views in circulation. | 1854 | Europe - Great Britain | First public meeting to found the Photographic Society of London.
"A number of Gentlemen engaged in Photographic pursuits having met together at different periods of the Spring and Autumn last year, formed themselves into a provisional Committee, with a view of organizing a Society of those to whom such a re-union would be acceptable. The labours of this Committee were carried on until the beginning of the present year, when it was determined to call a Public Meeting, for which purpose Circulars were issued on behalf of the Committee by Mr Roger Fenton, the Honorary Secretary, and Advertisements were inserted in the Papers.... A Public Meeting to inaugurate this Society will be held at the house of the Society of Arts, John Street, Adelphi, on THURSDAY, the 20th January, at 4 pm." [From the Journal of the Photographic Society of London on the founding of the society. The first Committee of the Society included John Dillwyn Llewelyn, Rev Calvert Jones and Philip Delamotte.] |
1854 | Europe - France | Société Française de Photographie is founded based upon the earlier Société Héliographique which had been founded in 1851. | 1854 | North America - USA W. & F. Langenheim, 1856, Niagara Falls, Summer View, American Falls, from Hogsback, Goat Island, Stereographic lantern slide, hand-colored, Philadelphia Museum of Art, | W. & F. Langenheim make the first American stereographs. | 1854 | North America - USA Edward Anthony, n.d., Bottle of Developer based upon the patent of James A. Cutting used in the collodion process, Bottle, Archives of Modern Conflict OR National Gallery of Canada, | James Ambrose Cutting receives a US patent for the ambrotype process, known as the bromide patent. The name ambrotype comes from the Greek ambrotos meaning immortal. | 1854 | North America - USA Southworth & Hawes, 1854 (ca), River View with Seated Figure, Daguerreotype, stereo, Harry Ransom Humanities Research Center at the University of Texas at Austin, | Southworth & Hawes are issued a patent (No: 11,304) for taking daguerreotypes for stereoscopes. | 1855 | North America - USA George Robinson Fardon, 1855 (ca), View of a portion of the City and Bay, from Taylor street - in the distance the U.S. Hospital., [San Francisco Album. Photographs of the Most Beautiful Views and Public Buildings of San Francisco], Salt paper print, George Eastman Museum, | George Robinson Fardon takes photographs for the album San Francisco Album. Photographs of the Most Beautiful Views and Public Buildings of San Francisco (ca. 1855). This album of albumenized salt prints is published by Herre & Bauer and has the distinction of being the first album of photographs of any American city. | 1856 | Asia - China Felice Beato, 1860, Sir James Hope Grant, Albumen print, National Galleries of Scotland, | Second Chinese Opium War | 1856 | North America - Canada William Notman, n.d., A stereocard within a stereocard, Stereocard, Stereoviews: Stereoviews and Fine 19th & 20th Century Antique Photographs, | William Notman commences his stereographic photographs of the city of Montreal. | 1856 | Europe - Great Britain John Benjamin Dancer, 1853 (ca), Self-portrait with Scientific Apparatus ?, Daguerreotype, stereo, National Gallery of Canada / Musée des beaux-arts du Canada, | John Benjamin Dancer applies for a patent for a stereoscopic camera (patent 2064, applied for: 1856-09-05, granted: 1857-02-27), allowing both images to be taken at the same time. Sets of stereographs quickly become popular. | 1856 | North America - USA 1856, 19 February, Wooden box of Melainotype Plates for Neff's Patent, 19th Feb, 1856, Packaging, Archives of Modern Conflict OR National Gallery of Canada, | Neff's Patent for Melainotype plates. | 1857 | Asia - India Felice Beato, 1858 (ca), The Residency, Taken in Front, and Showing the Room in Which Sir Henry Lawrence was Killed, Lucknow., Albumen silver print, Brown University Library, Special Collections, | The Indian Mutiny | 1857 | Europe - Great Britain Hill & Adamson, 1844-1845 (ca), Elizabeth Rigby, later Lady Eastlake (1809-1893), Salted paper print from calotype negative, Cleveland Museum of Art, | Photography by Lady Elizabeth Eastlake is published in the London Quarterly Review. | 1857 | Europe - Great Britain Oscar Gustave Rejlander, 1857, Two Ways of Life, Photomontage, Source requested, | Queen Victoria purchases the allegorical photomontage The Two Ways of Life by Oscar Gustave Rejlander at the Art Treasures Exhibition in Manchester. | 1857 | North America - USA n.d., Alexander Beckers of New York City patented a stereo-viewer on April 7, 1857. It had a revolving mechanism which allowed multiple views of different types to be inspected sequentially by turning a knob., Stereo viewer, Archives of Modern Conflict OR National Gallery of Canada, | Alexander Beckers of New York City patents a stereo-viewer with a revolving mechanism which allows multiple views of different types to be inspected sequentially by turning a knob. | 1858 | North America - Mexico | Civil War starts in Mexico and Benito Juárez (1806-1872) is elected president. | 1858 | Europe - France Honoré Daumier, 1862, 25 May, NADAR élevant la Photographie à la hauteur de l'Art. [NADAR elevating Photography to Art.], Lithograph, Bibliothèque Nationale de France, Département des Estampes et de la Photographie, | Nadar takes the first aerial photograph from a balloon over Paris. | 1858 | North America - USA | William & Frederick Langenheim publish their American Stereographic Views. | 1858 | Europe - Great Britain Charles Piazzi Smyth, 1858, Illustration from Teneriffe - An Astronomer's Experiment, by C. Piazzi Smyth., Stereo, Stereographica - Antique Photographica, | The first book illustrated with original stereographs is published in London. The book by the astronomer Charles Piazzi Smyth is Teneriffe, an Astronomer's experiment: or, specialities of a residence above the clouds. | 1859 | Europe - Great Britain Unidentified photographer, n.d., Charles Darwin, Albumen print, Larry Gottheim, Be-hold, Inc, | Charles Darwin publishes The Origin of Species | 1859 | Europe - France André Adolphe-Eugène Disdéri, n.d., French photographer, André Adolphe Eugéne Disderi, Carte de visite, Stereographica - Antique Photographica, | Emperor Napoleon III of France departing for the Austro-Sardinian War in Italy with his army stops at the studio of André Adolphe-Eugène Disdéri to have his portrait taken. Although Disderi had the patent for carte-de-visite from 1854 this incident creates the publicity for a craze for photographic visiting cards that sweeps across the world. Whilst this makes for a good story that is often repeated subsequent research indicates that it is probably false. | 1859 | Europe | The Austro-Sardinian War is fought between the French under Napoleon III and the Kingdom of Sardinia under Victor Emmanuel II on the one side and the Austro-Hungarian Empire on the other. The campaigns and battles (Montebello 20 May, Palestro 30 May, Magenta 4 June and Solferino 21 June) are photographed by Luigi Sacchi and Béraldy amongst others. | 1859 | North America - USA William England, n.d., Blondin Crossing the Niagara River, [North America], Stereocard, hand-coloured, Stereographica - Antique Photographica, | Blondin crosses the Niagara Falls on a tightrope and is photographed by William England for the London Stereoscopic Co. The stereocard becomes the most popular they ever published selling over 100,000 copies. | 1859 | Europe - France | On Photography, a section of Charles Baudelaire’s review of the annual Salon, fiercely condemns the medium. | 1859 | North America - USA Silsbee, Case & Co., 1860 (ca), [Oliver Wendell Holmes, 1809-94], Carte de visite, cropped, NYPL - New York Public Library, | Oliver Wendell Holmes lauds “The Stereoscope and the Stereograph” in The Atlantic Monthly. He is the first to use the term stereograph. | 1859 | Europe - France | A group of artists and photographers, including Eugène Delacroix, Francis Wey and Gustave Le Gray succeed in getting photography included in the 1859 Paris Salon but the photography section has a separate entrance. | 1859 | Europe - UK | Thomas Sutton patents the first Panoramic Camera, appropriately called "The Sutton". The camera was at first produced by F. Cox and later by Thomas Ross (London). | 1860 | North America - Mexico Désiré Charnay, 1860, La Prison, à Chichen-Itza, Albumen print, George Eastman Museum, | Désiré Charnay publishes Album fotografico Mexicano with twenty five photographs detailing his studies of Mayan ruins. | 1860 | Europe - Great Britain J.E. Mayall, n.d., The Queen and Prince Consort, Carte de visite, albumen, Charles Nes Photography LLC New York - Paris, | John Jabez Edwin Mayall takes portraits of Queen Victoria, Prince Albert and their children which encourages the collecting of photographic cards of celebrities. | 1860 | North America - USA James Wallace Black, 1860, 13 October, Aerial view of Boston, Albumen print, from glass negative, Metropolitan Museum of Art, | James Wallace Black took an aerial photograph of Boston, MA, USA. (Metropolitan Museum of Art, Robert O. Dougan Collection, Gift of Warner Communications Inc., 1981 (1981.1229.4) | 1861 | North America - USA Osborn & Durbec, 1861, April, Sumter after the bombardment, Stereo, DeGolyer Library, South Methodist University - SMU, | Fort Sumter in Charleston is fired on by Confederate guns commencing the hostilities of the American Civil War (1861-1865). The fort surrenders after 33 hours of shelling and miraculously nobody on either side was killed or seriously injured. | 1861 | North America - Mexico | French forces are defeated in Mexico at the Battle of Peubla. | 1861 | Africa - West Africa | British establish a colony at Lagos in west Africa | 1861 | North America - USA | American Civil War | 1861 | Europe - Italy | Proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy brought about by the Risorgimento. | 1861 | Europe - Great Britain Unidentified photographer, n.d., James Clerk Maxwell, Photograph, Internet - Original source ill-defined, | James Clerk Maxwell demonstrates that by using three filters of the primary colors (red, green and blue) a full color image can be projected. This is the foundation of the additive process. | 1861 | North America - USA | The earliest two patent applications for a photo album in the US were by F.R. Grumel, Geneva, Switzerland on May 14 1861 followed by H.T. Anthony (of E. & H.T. Anthony) and Frank Phoebus with another application for an album on May 28th 1861. | 1861 | North America - USA Carleton E. Watkins, 1861, Stereoview of Yosemite, Glass positive stereoviews, Christie's - New York, | Carleton E. Watkins makes his first trip to Yosemite Valley in California with a 100 mammoth glass plate negatives. Each plate weighs 4 lbs and is approximately 18 x 22 inches and captures the grandeur with remarkable fidelity. During the trip he takes 30 mammoth plates and one hundred stereoscopic negatives. | 1861 | Europe - Italian states Eugène Sevaistre, 1860-1861 (ca), La batteria Presidio (o Cappelletti) [Gaeta, Italy], Albumen print, Comune di Gaeta, | Eugène Sevaistre uses a stereoscopic camera to obtain a faster exposure during the siege of Gaeta (near Naples) during the war between the King of Naples, Francesco II Borbone and the Kingdom of Sardinia. | 1862 | Europe - Great Britain Unidentified photographer / artist, 1862, 148 Case of Game Birds of Nova Scotia (Detail), [The International Exhibition of 1862], Stereocard, Jefferson Stereoptics, | London International Exhibition in South Kensington, London | 1862 | Central America Désiré Charnay, 1860, The Great Palace at Mitla, interior of the Court, Albumen print, British Library, | Désiré Charnay (1828–1915) after returning to France from his travels in Central America (1857 and 1860) publishes Cités et ruines américaines. The book is published in two volumes (1862/1863) and includes forty-nine original photographs. | 1862 | Europe - France Duchenne & Adrien Tournachon, n.d., Plate Nr. 10, [Mécanisme de la physionomie humaine, ou analyse électrophysiologique des passions], Albumen print, Charles Nes Photography LLC New York - Paris, | Guillaume-Amant Duchenne de Boulogne (1806-1875) publishes his findings on facial muscles in the album Mécanisme de la physionomie humaine, ou analyse électrophysiologique des passions. He stimulates different facial expressions in his subjects with electrical shocks and photographs them. This is one of the earliest photographically illustrated medical research reports. | 1862 | Asia - Japan Felice Beato, 1864-1867 (ca), Satsuma's envoys, Albumen print, from wet collodion negative, hand-painted, Royal Photographic Society, | Felice Beato arrives in Japan to produce photos of "native types". | 1863 | Europe - Great Britain George Frederick Watts (artist), 1850-1852, Julia Margaret Cameron, Oil on canvas, National Portrait Gallery - NPG, | Julia Margaret Cameron takes up photography after she is given a camera as a present. | 1863 | North America - USA Alexander Gardner, 1863, Home of a Rebel Sharpshooter, [Gardner's Photographic Sketch Book of the War. Incidents of the War, pl. 41], Albumen print, Lee Gallery, | Alexander Gardner “fakes” photographs of Confederate sharpshooters by moving a single corpse around to use as a prop after the Battle of Gettysburg. | 1863 | Asia - India Bourne & Shepherd, 2004, Interior of the Bourne & Shepherd Photographic Studio, Calcutta, India, Color print, Private collection, | Samuel Bourne arrives in Calcutta in early 1863. He becomes one of the preeminent photographers of British India and the Himalayas until his departure in 1870 or 1871. He has partnerships with Robertson and Howard but the most enduring was his work with Charles Shepherd and the company they created Bourne and Shepherd still continues today in Calcutta making it one of the longest established photography companies in the world. | 1864 | Europe | The first typewriter (inventor: Peter Mitterhofer) | 1864 | Europe - Great Britain Unidentified photographer / artist, 1864, Sheffield Flood, Bachelor Joseph Chapman, tailor of Hillsbrough survived by getting in this box, Sheffield City Council, Library Service, | James Mudd photographs the aftermath of the devastating Sheffield Flood in Northern England. | 1864 | Europe - Denmark | Prussian and Austrian forces attack Denmark. | 1864 | Europe - France Louis Ducos du Hauron, 1888-1889, Self-Portrait Transformation, Albumen silver print, from glass negative, George Eastman Museum, | Louis Ducos du Hauron (1837-1920) patents Chronophotographie which is the first piece of equipment to record animated objects. | 1864 | Asia - Japan Felice Beato, 1864, September, The captured Choshu Gun Battery at Shimonoseki with the Royal Navy landing party, Carte de visite, Jeffrey Kraus Antique Photographics, | Felice Beato photographs the Choshu gun battery with the Royal Navy landing party during the battle over the Shimonoseki Strait (Japan). | 1865 | South America Esteban Garcia, n.d., [War of the Triple Alliance], Biblioteca Nacional, Uruguay, | War of the Triple Alliance in South America - with Argentina, Brazil, and Uruguay against Paraguay. | 1865 | Africa - Egypt Charles Piazzi Smyth, 1850-1880 (ca), All the Pyramids of Jeezah [i.e. Giza], from the south, [Australian Inland Mission Collection], Colored lantern slide, National Library of Australia, | Charles Piazzi Smyth (1819-1900) takes the first photographs of the interior of the Great Pyramid. | 1865 | North America - USA Brady's National Photographic Portrait Galleries (New York & Washington DC), 1865, Funeral car of the late beloved President Lincoln (Manuscript title on verso) [Detail], Carte de visite, Jeffrey Kraus Antique Photographics, | President Abraham Lincoln is assassinated in the Ford Theater in Washington by John Wilkes Booth. | 1865 | North America - USA Alexander Gardner, 1865, 7 July, Execution of the Conspirators, Albumen silver print, from glass negative, Metropolitan Museum of Art, | Lewis Powell (aka Payne), David Herold, George Atzerodt, and Mary Surratt are executed at the Old Arsenal Penitentiary in Washington for conspiring with John Wilkes Booth to assassinate President Abraham Lincoln and attempting to assassinate Secretary of State Seward. Alexander Gardner documented the execution his photographs were published as wood engravings in Harper's Weekly on 22 July 1865. | 1865 | North America - USA Unidentified artist, 1865, 22 July (published), Execution of the Conspirators - Springing of the Trap, Wood engraving, George Eastman Museum, | Wood engravings of the execution of the Lincoln conspirators published in Harper's Weekly. The photographs of Alexander Gardner taken on the day of the execution, 7 July 1865, were the basis for the illustrations. | 1866 | Europe | The Austro-Prussian War leads to Austria breaking away from the German states and the establishment of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in 1867. | 1866 | Europe - France | Color lithography popularized by Jules Chéret (1836-1932) in France. This made it possible to print large colored advertising posters for the first time. | 1866 | Europe - Great Britain Window & Grove, n.d., Back of a cabinet card for Window & Grove, Cabinet card, back, Private collection of T. Max Hochstetler, | The Cabinet Card (5 1/2 x 4 inches) becomes popular in Great Britain but spreads rapidly around the world. | 1866 | Europe - Scotland Thomas Annan, n.d., Title page for "the Old Closes & Streets of Glasgow", [The Old Closes & Streets of Glasgow (1900 edition)], Letterpress, Photoseed, | Thomas Annan (1829-1887) is commissioned to record alleys and dismal slums for the Glasgow Improvement Trust and these are published in The Old Closes and Streets of Glasgow (1878) | 1866 | Europe - Great Britain Walter B. Woodbury, 1888 (publication), W.B. Woodbury, Book plate, Google Books, | The Woodburytype process is patented. Walter Bentley Woodbury of Kingston-on-Thames showed specimens of his Patent Photo-Relief Process to the Photographic Society of Scotland (10 February 1866) | 1866 | North America - USA Timothy H. O'Sullivan, 1863, July, Field Where General Reynolds Fell, Gettysburg, [Gardner's Photographic Sketch Book of the War. Incidents of the War, pl. 37], Albumen print, Lee Gallery, | Alexander Gardner uses his own plates and the works of other photographers to publish Gardner's Photographic Sketch Book of the War which contains 100 tipped in albumen prints divided into two volumes. It is the most important photographic work on the American Civil War. | 1867 | North America - Mexico | Emperor Maximillan I is executed by firing squad in Mexico. This event was immortalized in the paintings of Édouard Manet (1832-1883). | 1867 | Africa | Adam Render and Carl Mauch publish research on the ruins of Great Zimbabwe. | 1867 | Europe | Austro-Hungarian Empire established | 1867 | Europe - France | The Paris International Exhibition is held. | 1867 | Africa - Southern Africa | Diamonds discovered in Cape Colony. | 1868 | Asia - China John Thomson, 1880 (ca), Itinerant Barbers, Albumen print, Throckmorton Fine Art, Inc., | John Thomson begins work on his magnum opus Illustrations of China and its People. The book, illustrated by Woodbury-type reproductions from his original photographs, is published four volumes in 1873-74 (London: Sampson Low, Marston, Low, and Searle) | 1868 | North America - USA Alexander Gardner, 1867, Across the Continent on the Union Pacific Railway, Albumen print, J. Paul Getty Museum, | Alexander Gardner completes Union Pacific Railroad portfolio, Across the Continent on the Kansas Pacific Railroad and it is among the first of the major landscape photographic studies of the American west. | 1868 | North America - USA Carleton E. Watkins, 1868, #985 Effects of the Earthquake, Oct. 21, 1868, Market and First Streets (Detail), [Taber Pacific Coast Views], Stereocard, Jefferson Stereoptics, | Carleton E. Watkins photographs the destruction of the San Francisco earthquake that ruptured the Hayward fault at 7:53 AM local time. | 1869 | North America - USA A.J. Russell, 1864-1869, East and West shaking hands at laying last rail, [Photographs taken during construction of the Union Pacific Railroad], Albumen print, Yale University, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, | The golden spike is driven at Promontory Point, Utah Territory, linking the Union Pacific and the Central Pacific railroads. This completes the construction of the first Transcontinental railway in North America and the ceremony is photographed by Andrew J. Russell , Alfred Hart and Charles Roscoe Savage. | 1869 | Europe | DNA is extracted by the Swiss physician Frederick Miescher - he calls it nuclein | 1869 | Europe - France | The first issue of Revue Photographique des Hopitaux de Paris appears. Edited by Dr. A. de Montmeja, a Parisian ophthalmologist and pioneering medical photographer, it is the first medical journal to contain photographs. | 1869 | Europe - France | Louis Ducos du Hauron publishes Les Couleurs en Photographie, Solution du Probleme that proposes the subtractive color process. | 1869 | Middle East - Egypt Adolphe Braun, 1869, Groupe de voyageurs européens visitant les monuments égyptiens au moment de l'inauguration du canal de Suez, Bibliothèque Nationale de France, Département des Estampes et de la Photographie, | The Suez Canal opens for traffic. | 1870 | North America - USA | Metropolitan Museum of Art is founded in New York. | 1870 | North America - USA | Museum of Fine Arts is founded in Boston. | 1870 | Europe | Franco-Prussian War | 1870 | Asia - India | The Archaeological Survey of India is founded | 1870 | North America - USA | Henry R. Heyl of Philadelphia patents the Magic lantern projector. | 1871 | Europe - France Unidentified photographer, 1871, 16 May, Destruction of the Colonne Vendôme, May 16, 1871., Albumen print, Northwestern University Library, McCormick Library of Special Collections, | Paris Commune | 1871 | Europe | German Empire established | 1871 | North America - USA Timothy H. O'Sullivan, 1871-1874 (survey), (expedition), 7. Mountain transportation. Pack mule, Pack and Packers., [Wheeler Survey, Explorations and Surveys West of the 100th Meridian], Stereocard, detail, Etherton Gallery, | 1st Lt. Geo.M. Wheeler of the War Department Corp. of Engineers leads the Explorations and Surveys West of the 100th Meridian with Timothy H. O'Sullivan as the photographer. | 1872 | Europe - France | Louis Ducos du Hauron takes the first color photograph showing the town of Angouleme in France. | 1872 | North America - USA Alexander Gardner, 1872, May, 01 Red Cloud, [Ogallalla Sioux], Albumen print, Etherton Gallery, | Alexander Gardner photographs a delegation of Sioux Native Americans to Washington DC headed by Red Cloud. | 1874 | Europe - France Nadar, 1860, Studio of Nadar at 35 Boulevard des Capucines, Paris (detail), Albumen print, Creative Commons - Wikipedia, | Nadar holds the first exhibition of Impressionist paintings (15 April-15 May 1874) at his photographic studio at 35 boulevard des Capucines, Paris. The Salon had refused their paintings in 1873 and the painters, who collectively called themselves the Societé anonyme des artistes peintres, sculpteurs, graveurs, mounted the show as a protest. The name Impressionism was taken from one of Monet's paintings Impression: Sunrise and originated in a derogatory comment from a journalist. | 1874 | Africa - Central Africa | German botanist Georg Schweinfurth publishes The Heart of Africa and it promotes interest in the Kingdoms of Central Africa. | 1874 | North America - USA C.M. Coolidge, 1874, 14 April (patent issued), US patent No. 149,724, C.M. Coolidge, Processes of Taking Photographic Pictures, Patent, Source requested, | Cassius M. Coolidge, noted for paints of dogs playing poker, issued a patent for "Processes of Taking Photographic Pictures" (US Patent No: 149,724). The patents is for the use of comic foregrounds which are the forerunner of the comic boards with holes that people can place their heads through for a candid shot becoming part of life-size caricature. | 1875 | Africa | The Free Church of Scotland establishes the Livingstonia Mission at the southern end of Lake Malawi | 1875 | North America - USA | Bell transmits first voice message over wires | 1876 | North America - USA | Centennial Exposition also known as the International Exhibition of Arts, Manufactures, and Products of the Soil and Mine opens in Philadelphia | 1877 | Asia - India | Queen Victoria is crowned Empress of India. | 1877 | North America - USA Eadweard Muybridge, 1887, Daisy' Cantering, Saddled (Pl.616), Collotype, Lee Gallery, | Eadweard Muybridge experiments with multiple cameras to take successive photographs of horses in motion. The experiments over multiple years result in an improved understanding of human and animal locomotion. | 1878 | Africa - Northern Africa | France obtains control of Tunisia at the Congress of Berlin. | 1878 | Africa - Central Africa Neurdein Frères, n.d., Leopold II, King of the Belgians, Carte de visite, Private collection of T. Max Hochstetler, | King Leopold II of Belgium funds the exploration of the Congo river basin by Henry Morton Stanley. | 1878 | North America - USA | First North American telephone exchange established at New Haven, Connecticut. | 1879 | Africa - Southern Africa | British forces under Lord Chelmsford crush the Zulu kingdom. | 1880 | Australia | The outlaw Ned Kelly is executed in Melbourne, Australia. | 1880 | North America - USA | George Eastman introduces Roll film for cameras. | 1880 | North America - USA Steven Henry Horgan, 1928, A Scene in Shantytown, New York, Halftone, Getty Images, | The first half-tone photograph is published in a newspaper, the New York Daily Graphic, it depicts a dilapidated shantytown. | 1881 | North America - USA 1881, 24 September, Scientific American, Magazine illustration, Stereoviews: Stereoviews and Fine 19th & 20th Century Antique Photographs, | In a rather macabre experiment the US Army blows the head off a mule to test if a 10 by 12 gelatino-bromide instantaneous Eastman dry plate can capture the explosion. It does and the official report appears in Annual Report of the Secretary of War for the Year 1882 (Washington: Government Printing Office, 1882), vol. II, part 1, p. 448. | 1882 | Europe - France Étienne Jules Marey, 1882, The photographic gun [Le Fusil photographique], Engraving, Creative Commons - Wikipedia, | French physiologist Étienne Jules Marey invents the chronophotographic gun, a camera shaped like a rifle that records twelve successive photographs per second. | 1883 | Europe - Spain | Antoni Gaudí (1852-1926) is appointed to construct the Templo Expiatorio de la Sagrada Familia in Barcelona with his naturalistic architectural style. | 1884 | Africa | At the Berlin Conference Africa is partitioned between the European powers | 1884 | Europe - Great Britain | Henry Peach Robinson publishes Picture Making by Photography (London: Piper & Carter). This work goes through multiple editions and influences a generation of photographers in the creation of allegorical photographs of sugary sentimentality. | 1884 | North America - USA B.D. Jackson, 1884, February, Cincinnati Flood, Smith Street, Looking South February 1884, Albumen print, Jeffrey Kraus Antique Photographics, | The largest flood in 19th century America occurs when Ohio River rises 71.1 feet causing devastation and submerging parts of Cincinnati. The event is photographed by B.D. Jackson, J. Landy and others. | 1885 | North America - USA Alvin Langdon Coburn, 1908, 21 December, Mark Twain, Photogravure, George Eastman Museum, | Mark Twain (1835-1910) publishes The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn | 1885 | Africa - Central Africa | A Belgian Catholic missionary Group The White Fathers promote Christianity in the Congo. | 1885 | Africa | H. Rider Haggard publishes the novel King Solomon's Mines. | 1885 | Africa - Sudan | The British forces at Khartoum in the Sudan under General Charles Gordon are attacked and he is slain. | 1886 | North America - USA | Statue of Liberty in New York harbour is dedicated | 1886 | Europe - Great Britain Peter Henry Emerson, 1886, Gathering Water Lilies, Platinum print, J. Paul Getty Museum, | Peter Henry Emerson publishes Life and Landscape on the Norfolk Broads. | 1886 | Europe - France Paul Nadar, 1886, 8 September, The First Photographic Interview, Newspaper page, Stockholms Auktionsverk, | Paul Nadar and Felix Tournachon carried out one of the first photo-interviews of the chemist M.E. Chevreul on his hundredth birthday and thirteen of the photographs were published in Le Journal Illustré on 5th September. | 1887 | Global | Celluloid film becomes available | 1887 | North America - USA | James Fairchild issued a US patent for "Apparatus for aerial photography". This used a clock mechanism to operate the shutter of a camera supported by a kite or a balloon. | 1888 | North America - USA Unidentified photographer / artist, n.d., Kodak No 1 camera, Source requested, | Kodak No.1 box camera is marketed by George Eastman (Eastman Dry Plate and Film Co.) and popular amateur photography begins. | 1888 | North America - USA | Frederick Ives announces the invention of the crossline halftone screen. The halftone allows the mass reproduction of photographs in newspapers and magazines. Ives failed to patent the process and made no financial reward from his labors. | 1888 | North America - USA | George Eastman patents his camera (U.S. patent No, 388,850). | 1889 | Europe - France | The Eiffel Tower is completed and the Exposition Universelle is held in Paris. | 1889 | Europe - Great Britain Peter Henry Emerson, 1889, 8 June, Book review for P.H. Emerson "Naturalistic Photography" (New York: E. & F. Spon), Book review, Google Books, | Peter Henry Emerson publishes Naturalistic Photography for students of the art. (London, Sampson Low & Co.) that proposes photography should go outside the confines of the studio to record the natural world in an artistic style. His work on the everyday life in the Norfolk Broads in eastern England clearly shows his approach. | 1889 | Europe - Great Britain | First exhibition of Impressionist paintings is held in England. Sickert and Steer organize the exhibition London Impressionists with the members of New English Art Club that was founded in 1886. | 1889 | North America - USA George Barker, 1889, The Johnstown Calamity. Searching for bodies and clearing the wreck (Detail), Stereocard, Jefferson Stereoptics, | The Johnstown Flood kills over 2,209 people in southwestern Pennsylvania when the South Fork Dam bursts. George Barker was one of those who photographed the aftermath. | 1889 | Europe - Italy | First issue of the Bullettino della Società Fotografica Italiana and it continues until December 1914. | 1890 | North America - USA Jacob A. Riis, 1890, Book cover for Jacob August Riis "How the Other Half Lives: Studies Among the Tenements of New York" by Jacob A. Riis (Charles Schribners Publishers, 1890), Book cover, Private collection of Edward Grazda, | Jacob Riis publishes How the Other Half Lives on the New York slums one of the first books of social commentary backed with photographic evidence. It includes seventeen halftone photographs and a further nineteen hand drawings based upon photographs. | 1890 | Europe - Great Britain | Peter Henry Emerson publishes his bitter The death of Naturalistic Photography that argues that photography is a "very limited art" and repudiates his earlier work. | 1890 | North America - USA | Illustrated American, the first picture magazine planned to use photographs, goes to press made possible by perfection of the halftone printing process. | 1891 | Europe Gabriel Lippmann, n.d., Autoportrait, Color glass plate (Lippmann process), Musée de l'Elysée, | Professor Gabriel Lippmann introduces a color process but it never achieves popularity due to its complexity. | 1892 | Europe - Great Britain | George Davison and Alfred Maskell found the Linked Ring Brotherhood in Great Britain. The fifteen original members are Bernard Alfieri, Tom Bright, Arthur Burchett (1875-1913), Henry Hay Cameron (1856-1911, son of Julia Margaret Cameron), Lyonel Clark, Francis Cobb, George Davison, Henry E. Davis, Alfred Horsley Hinton (1863-1906), Alfred Maskell, Henry Peach Robinson (1830-1901) and his son Ralph Winwood Robinson (1862-1942), Francis Seyton Scott, Henry Van der Weyde and William Willis (1841-1923). | 1892 | Europe - France Aaron Gerschel, n.d., Alfred Dreyfus (1859-1935), Cabinet card, Paul Frecker, | The Dreyfus Affair in France highlights anti-Semitism and the innocent Alfred Dreyfus is finally exonerated in 1906. | 1893 | North America - USA | World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago | 1893 | Europe - Great Britain | The Photographic Salon is the first show of the Linked Ring Brotherhood founded in Great Britain. | 1893 | Europe - Germany | The first exhibition of photography held at the Hamburg Kunsthalle organized by the director Prof. Alfred Lichtwark. | 1893 | Europe - Great Britain | The Stereoscopic Society is founded. | 1893 | North America - USA | Cornele B. Adams issued a patent for "Method of Photogrammetry" which used two aerial photographs of the same locality taken from a tethered balloon. | 1894 | Asia - China John A. Vaughan Studio, 1894, Sino-Japanese War, Albumen print, Old Japan, | The First Sino-Japanese War - Japan defeats China and obtains control over Korea, Taiwan and the Penghu islands. | 1894 | Europe - France Unidentified photographer / artist, 1894, Première Exposition d'Art Photographique: Paris 1894: Photo-Club De Paris 40, rue des Mathurins, 40, [Photo-Club de Paris / 1894], Title page - Letterpress: (L'Imprimerie Chaix), Photoseed, | The Photo-Club of Paris ('le Photo Club de Paris') holds its first exhibition Première exposition d'art photographique. | 1895 | Europe - France Lumière Brothers, 1935, 9 November, MM. Auguste and Louis Lumiere in 1895 at the times of the beginning of the cinema and 40 years later in 1935, MM. Auguste and Louis Lumiere photographed in the same pose., [L'Illustration (No 4836, 93rd year), p.299 bis], Magazine page, Private collection of Nadia Valla, | The Lumière Brothers , Auguste (1862-1954) and Louis (1864-1948), hold the first public demonstration of moving pictures at the Grand Cafe on the Boulevard des Capucines in Paris with their Cinematograph. | 1895 | Europe - Germany Wilhelm Konrad Röntgen, 1896, 23 January, X-ray picture of the hand of Alfred von Kolliker, X-ray, Source requested, | Professor Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen , Professor of Physics and Vice Chancellor of the University of Würzburg, discovers rays that pass through seemingly solid objects, these are later called x-rays. | 1895 | Europe - France R. Gayant, 1895, Le Rouet, [Photo-Club de Paris / 1895, Pl. XXXI bis], Photogravure, Antiq-Photo, | The Photo-Club of Paris ('le Photo Club de Paris') holds its second exhibition Deuxième Exposition d'Art Photographique. | 1895 | Europe - UK 1895, Title page for "the Photographic Salon" London (1895), [The Photographic Salon - 1895 (London)], Photoseed, | The Photographic Salon in London holds its third salon but it is the first where a deluxe publication is issued. Walter L. Colls, a master printer and member of The Linked Ring Brotherhood, prints the 20 photogravures. In October 1897 the first issue of Camera Notes is published by The New York Camera Club with Alfred Stieglitz as editor and it praises the portfolio as "one of which not only the Salon and Mr. Colls, but photography itself may be proud." | 1896 | South America | Teatro Amazonas opens in Manaus, Brazil | 1896 | Africa | Ethiopian army defeats Italian forces at the Battle of Adwa. | 1896 | Europe - Austria | The Clover Leaf ('Das Kleeblatt' or 'Trifolium') is founded in Vienna (Austria). | 1896 | Europe - France Edme Couty, 1896, Lithograph: from reduced lithographic mural poster (detail), [Photo-Club de Paris / 1896], Lithograph, Photoseed, | The Photo-Club of Paris ('le Photo Club de Paris') holds its third exhibition Troisième Exposition d'Art Photographique. | 1897 | Africa - West Africa | British Punitive Expedition against Benin City in West Africa | 1897 | Europe - Great Britain John Collier, 1895 (ca), J.B. Stone, President of the Birmingham Photographic Society, Birmingham Central Library, | John Benjamin Stone founds the National Photographic Record Association to preserve the folklore and customs of England. | 1897 | Europe - France 1897, Advertising the "Salon de Photographie" IV Année (1897), [Photo-Club de Paris / 1897], Poster / Lithographic print, Private collection, | The Photo-Club of Paris ('le Photo Club de Paris') holds its fourth exhibition Quatrième Année Salon de Photographie. | 1897 | Europe - Austria 1897, Cover Design: Die Kunst in der Photographie (1897-1903), [Die Kunst in der Photographie], Cover design, Photoseed, | Franz Goerke (1856-1931) edits and publishes Die Kunst in der Photographie. This is the first year of this seminal publication. | 1897 | North America - USA Alfred Stieglitz, 1893 (taken), 1897 (print), Winter on Fifth Avenue, [Picturesque Bits of New York and Other Studies], Photogravure, Lee Gallery, | Alfred Stieglitz publishes Picturesque Bits of New York and Other Studies. | 1898 | North America - Cuba | Spanish American War | 1898 | North America - USA | Reverend Hannibal Goodwin (1822-1900) is granted a patent (U.S. 610,861) for "photographic pellicle and process of producing same ... especially in connection with roller cameras" in simple terms celluloid photographic film. | 1899 | South America - Columbia | War of a Thousand Days pulls Colombia apart. | 1899 | Africa - Southern Africa Elliott & Fry, n.d., Baden Powell, hero of the Boer War and founder of the Boy Scout movement, Cabinet card, Stereographica - Antique Photographica, | Boer War | 1900 | Europe - France Alphonse Marie Mucha, 1900, Study for the Bosnia-Hercegovina pavilion at the World Fair, Paris, Gelatin silver print, toned, Paul Cava Fine Art, | The Exposition Universelle (International Exposition) opens in Paris | 1900 | Europe - Great Britain | Fred Holland Day organizes the Royal Photographic Society exhibition of The New School of American Photography held in London. This was the first showing in Europe of the immense progress that had been made in American pictorialist photography. | 1900 | North America - USA | The First mass-marketed camera, the Brownie, costs $1. | 1901 | Europe - Great Britain | Guglielmo Marconi (1874-1937) transmits radio messages from England to Canada. | 1901 | Europe - France | Fred Holland Day shows the The New School of American Photography exhibition that had been shown in London in 1900 to the Photo Club de Paris. | 1902 | North America - USA Alvin Langdon Coburn, 1907, Alfred Stieglitz, Platinum print, Metropolitan Museum of Art, | Alfred Stieglitz founds Camera Work. | 1902 | Europe - France Georges Mèliès, 1902, Le voyage dans la Lune #2, Gelatin silver print, AnamorFose, | Georges Méliès shows his film A Trip to the Moon in Paris. | 1902 | North America - USA | Alfred Stieglitz founds the Photo-Secession movement in the USA. | 1903 | North America - USA | The first flight of a Wright brothers powered airplane at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina. | 1903 | North America - USA Alfred Stieglitz, 1903, Front cover for Number I of Camera Work, MDCCCCIII, [Camera Work, no. 01], Front cover, Photoseed, | Camera Work published under the editorship of Alfred Stieglitz is published. | 1903 | North America - USA | National Geographic publishes its first halftone of a woman in a rice field in the Philippines. | 1903 | Europe - France Unidentified photographer / artist, n.d., Microphotography of the Autochrome trichromatic selection mosaic, made of dyed potato starch grains (7000 grains / mm2), Photomicrograph, Institut Lumičre (The Lumiere Institute), | The Autochrome is patented by the Lumière Brothers and when marketed in 1907 it becomes the first widely used color process. | 1904 | Asia Kilburn Brothers, n.d., 16511 the Siberian Sharp-shooters taking up their position at Liao Yang, Manchuria (Detail), Stereocard, Jefferson Stereoptics, | Russo-Japanese War | 1904 | Global | The International Society of Pictorial Photographers is founded with James Craig Annan as the first president. He is the son of Thomas Annan (1829-1887) and a contributor to Camera Work. | 1904 | Europe - France | The early color Autochrome process is demonstrated to the Academy of Science. | 1905 | North America - USA Unidentified artist, 1906 (published), Advertisement for the Photo-Secession and "Little Galleries" 291 Fifth Avenue, New York City, Advert, detail, Creative Commons - Wikipedia, | Alfred Stieglitz opens the Little Galleries of the Photo-Secession at 291 Fifth Avenue in New York. Through a series of galleries Stieglitz exhibits photography and fine art to the American public. He champions the connections between photography and the accepted fine arts of sculpture and painting by exhibiting the works of Pablo Picasso, Henri Matisse, Paul Cezanne, Auguste Rodin. | 1905 | North America - USA | The first cinema, the Nickelodeon, opens in Pittsburgh. | 1906 | North America - USA W.C. Mendenhall, 1906, Apr 20, San Francisco, California, Earthquake April 18, 1906. Phelan Building, United States Geological Service, | An earthquake destroys San Francisco and the resulting fires devastate the city. It is photographed by Edward Rodgers (San Francisco Morning Call), George Parmenter (San Francisco Examiner), George Haley (Chronicle) and a number of commercial photographers including Arnold Genthe take memorable pictures. | 1906 | Europe - Spain Unidentified photographer / artist, n.d., After the explosion to [sic] Madrid, Stereocard, Paul Frecker, | Attempted assassination of Alfonso XIII (1886-1941) and Princess Victoria-Eugenie of Battenburg in Madrid with a bomb on their wedding day. | 1907 | Europe - France Unidentified photographer / artist, n.d., Microphotography of the Autochrome trichromatic selection mosaic, made of dyed potato starch grains (7000 grains / mm2), Photomicrograph, Institut Lumičre (The Lumiere Institute), | Louis Lumière (1864–1948) markets the first commercial three color photography process - Autochrome Lumière. The process had been patented in 1904 but it was only in 1907 that the plates were available from their factory at Lyon.
Alfred Stieglitz, wrote in a letter from Munich (July 1907) "All are amazed at the remarkably truthful color rendering; the wonderful luminosity of the shadows…, the endless range of grays; the richness of the deep colors. In short, soon the world will be color-mad, and Lumière will be responsible." In an article published in the October 1907 issue of Camera Work, Stieglitz wrote: "Color photography is an accomplished fact. The seemingly everlasting question whether color would ever be within the reach of the photographer has been definitely answered. The answer the Lumières, of France, have supplied. For fourteen years, it is related, they have been seeking it. Thanks to their science, perseverance, and patience, practical application and unlimited means, these men have finally achieved what many of us had looked upon practically as unachievable…." |
1907 | North America - USA Edward S. Curtis, 1905, Oasis in the Badlands, Orotone, Galerie Sonia Zannettacci, | Edward Sheriff Curtis publishes The North American Indian: Being a Series of Volumes Picturing and Describing the Indians of the United States and Alaska, Volume One. It is the most sumptuous study of any ethnic group ever produced and between 1907 and 1930 twenty volumes are published largely funded by the banker J.P. Morgan and his estate. | 1907 | Europe | Dr Arthur Korn sends picture facsimiles between London, Paris and Berlin. | 1908 | North America - USA | The Ford Model T motor car is sold. | 1908 | North America - USA | Five years after the first flight of the secretive Wright Brothers photographer Jimmy Hare and writer Arthur Ruhl take the first news photograph of the plane in powered flight for Collier‘s. The plane covers two miles in two minutes and fifty seconds. | 1908 | North America - USA Lewis W. Hine, 1908, 30 November, Sadie Pfeifer, 48 inches high, has worked half a year. One of the many small children at work in Lancaster Cotton Mills, Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, | Lewis W. Hine begins a series of photographs for the National Child Labor Committee. These images of small children performing dangerous factory work and other jobs led to congressional legislation to enforce child labor laws. | 1908 | Europe - France | Gabriel Lippmann awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics for his method of reproducing colors in photography, based on the interference phenomenon. | 1909 | Europe | Louis Blériot (1872-1936) flies across the English Channel in his plane. | 1909 | Europe - Great Britain Alvin Langdon Coburn, n.d., London, Book cover, Lee Gallery, | Alvin Langdon Coburn publishes London. | 1910 | North America - USA | Photographic show at the Albright Art Gallery (Buffalo, NY, USA) is one of the first where photographs are shown as art in an Art Gallery. The gallery also purchased 12 pictures for the collection.
Alfred Stieglitz wrote to Ernst Juhl (6 January 1911): "This exhibition was without doubt the most important that has been held anywhere so far. We won't be seeing anything like it in the near future. Only very select prints, in most cases the best of their kind that exist, and with the exception of 20 gravures which are in their way originals, only original prints" [were shown]. |
1910 | North America - USA | William Warnecke photographs the shooting of New York Mayor William Gaynor by J.J. Gallagher on the SS Kaiser Wilhelm der Grosse. | 1910 | Antarctica Herbert G. Ponting, 1911 (taken) 1914 (print), The 'Terra Nova' Icebound in the Pack, [British Antarctic Expedition 1910-1913 (led by Scott on the "Terra Nova")], Carbon print, green-toned, Swann Galleries - New York, | Herbert Ponting accompanies Captain Scott's second South Pole expedition. | 1911 | North America - USA Brown Brothers, 1911, Triangle Fire Victims Awaiting Identification, Gelatin silver print, Swann Galleries - New York, | Fire at the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory in New York kills 145 employees. | 1912 | Asia - Japan | The Aiyu Photography Club is founded in Nagota. | 1913 | North America - USA Unidentified photographer, 1913, Armory Show, View, Gelatin silver print, Source requested, | The International Exhibition of Modern Art is held in New York and becomes known as the Armory Show taking the name from the Armory building. The exhibition introduces the American public to European trends in painting and sculpture. It is a revelation to those that see it and it impacts on photography by showing that copying the stylistic techniques and conventions of painting, as many of the pictorialists do, is no longer valid. | 1914 | Global | First World War | 1914 | North America - Panama | Panama Canal completed | 1914 | Europe - Great Britain 1914, 20 June, Magazine cover for "Blast - Review Of the Great English Vortex", No. 1, Magazine cover, P4 Photography (formerly Potássio Quatro), | The Vorticist Manifesto is published in their journal Blast. | 1914 | Antarctica Frank Hurley, 1915, Endurance in the Ice, [Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition, 1914-1917 (led by Ernest Shackleton on the "Endurance")], Gelatin silver print, Afterimage Gallery, | Frank Hurley accompanies Sir Earnest Shackleton's second Antarctic expedition. | 1914 | North America - USA | The USS Mississippi drops anchor at Naval Shipyard Pensacola to survey the area for a Naval Aeronautical Station during the early days of flight. Walter Leroy Richardson, who joined the US Navy in 1911, takes the photographs and goes on to become the US Navy's first official photographer. | 1915 | Europe - Turkey | Armenian massacres | 1915 | North America - USA Unidentified photographer, 1915, 24 July (on or after), [Eastland disaster, diver Harry Halvorsen standing on ladder near the overturned hull of the steamer]., Gelatin silver print, Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, | The lake steamer Eastland rolls over in Chicago with the loss of 844 passengers and crew. | 1916 | Europe - Germany Ruth Orkin, n.d., Einstein, Gelatin silver print, Fay Gold Gallery, | Albert Einstein proposes the General Theory of Relativity. | 1916 | Europe - Great Britain | The Easter Rising in Dublin fails to free Ireland from British rule. | 1917 | North America - USA | The US enters the First World War on the Allied side. | 1917 | Europe - France Alfred Stieglitz, 1917, Fountain by R. Mutt, Book page, Creative Commons - Wikipedia, | Marcel Duchamp exhibits his surrealist work The Fountain using a upturned urinal. | 1917 | North America - USA Paul Strand, 1917, Photograph - New York, [Camera Work, no. 49/50, pl. 06], Photogravure, Hand-pulled, Andrew Cahan: Bookseller, Ltd, | The photographs of Paul Strand are published in Camera Work, Number XLIX, Number L. | 1917 | North America - USA | Alfred Steiglitz publishes the last issue of Camera Work. During the years it was published (1903-1917) it was the most influential and well produced of any photographic magazine. | 1917 | Europe - Russia | Russian Revolution | 1917 | Middle East | Balfour Declaration gives support for a Jewish homeland in Palestine | 1917 | Europe - Russia | Narkompros (the 'People's Commissariat for Education') is founded and puts publishing, media and dissemination under State control. | 1917 | Europe - Great Britain Alvin Langdon Coburn, 1917, Vortograph, Gelatin silver print, Charles Isaacs Photographs, Inc, | Alvin Langdon Coburn takes his Vortograph photographs that are among the first that play with light and are intentionally abstract. | 1918 | Europe | Armistice is signed ending the First World War. | 1918 | Europe - Switzerland | Christian Schad starts making abstract photographs by placing objects directly on photographic paper and exposing it. Tristan Tzara, the founder of Dada, calls them Schadographs but they come under the general heading of photograms. | 1918 | Europe - Germany | Following the First World War the German Empire collapses and the Weimar Republic is born. This initiates a period of political, social and artistic upheaval that stimulates new ideas in design, typography, art and photography. | 1919 | Europe | Treaty of Versailles is signed and settles, for a time, the issues raised by the First World War. | 1919 | Europe - Germany Lucia Moholy, n.d., Walter Gropius, Musée de l'Elysée, | Walter Gropius founds the Bauhaus school of design. | 1919 | Europe - France | The French film director Abel Gance (1889-1981) releases the anti-war film J'accuse!. In it he uses wounded actors to portray the ghosts of fallen men. In 1924 John Heartfield created the photomontage After ten years: fathers and sons in which he uses skeletons and marching soldiers to depict the futility of war. | 1921 | Asia - Japan | Fukuhara Shinzo, Kakefuda Isao and Otaguro Motoo put on the Art Photography Exhibition at the Shimeido Gallery and attack traditional art photography. | 1921 | North America - USA Alvin Langdon Coburn, 1907, Alfred Stieglitz, Platinum print, Metropolitan Museum of Art, | Alfred Stieglitz - An Exhibition of Photography by Alfred Steiglitz - 145 prints, over 128 of which have never been publicly shown, dating from 1886-1921 opens at the Anderson Galleries (Park Avenue and Fifty-ninth street, New York). It is an early retrospective of his work. | 1922 | North America - USA | Hollywood's first Technicolor film Toll of the Sea is released. | 1922 | Africa - Egypt Harry Burton, 1922, Howard Carter (kneeling), an Egyptian workman, and Arthur Callender at doors of burial shrines in Pharao Tutankhamen's tomb., Photograph, Creative Commons - Wikipedia, | The tomb of King Tutankhamen is discovered by Howard Carter. | 1922 | Europe - France | Man Ray publishes Les Champs délicieux with an introduction by his friend Tristan Tzara. The book includes his Rayograms. | 1923 | North America - Mexico | Mexican revolutionary "Pancho" Villa (1878-1923) is assassinated | 1923 | Europe - Germany | László Moholy-Nagy starts teaching a photography course at the Bauhaus which is a innovative center for graphic and product design. | 1924 | Europe - France Unidentified photographer, 1923, Portrait of André Breton at the carnival, Gelatin silver print, Internet - Original source ill-defined, | André Breton (1896-1966) publishes the first Surrealist manifesto | 1924 | North America - USA | AT&T sends photographs over a wire. | 1924 | Europe - Germany | The expression Neue Sachlichkeit (New Objectivity) is used to describe neo-realist painters by Gustav Hartlaub (Director of the Mannhreim Kunsthalle). The term becomes applied to a group of photographers including Albert Renger-Patzsch (1897-1966), August Sander (1876-1964) Helmar Lerski (1871-1956) and Karl Blossfeldt (1865-1952). Each of them publishes seminal photographic books in the 1920s and Germany becomes one of the leading countries for the integration of photographs into graphic design. | 1925 | North America - USA | The Scopes Monkey Trial takes place in Tennessee. | 1925 | North America - USA | F. Scott Fitzgerald publishes The Great Gatsby. | 1925 | Europe - Germany László Moholy-Nagy, 1925, Book cover for Laszlo Moholy-Nagy "Malerei Photografie Film --Painting Photography Film. Bauhausbücher 8" (Munich: Albert Langen, 1925), Book cover, Christie's - New York, | László Moholy-Nagy publishes Malerei Fotografie Film - Bauhausbücher 8 (Munich: Albert Langen, 1925). This book embraces all the new ways in which photographs can be used and combined with typography for advertising and commercial applications. | 1925 | Europe - Germany | Leica uses the 35mm still format that became the most widely used film standard | 1925 | Europe - Great Britain | John Logie Baird transmits the first wireless photographic picture. | 1925 | North America - USA Unidentified photographer / artist, n.d., Anatol Josepho, Digital file from original negative, Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, | Anatol Josepho a Siberian immigrant to America invents the Photobooth. | 1926 | Europe - France | An uncredited photograph by Eugène Atget is published in the Surrealist magazine La Révolution surréaliste (no. 7). | 1926 | Europe - France | A surrealist exhibition organized by Man Ray opens at the Galerie Surréaliste, 16 rue Jacques Callot, Paris. | 1927 | North America - USA | The first talking picture The Jazz Singer starring Al Jolson is released. | 1927 | Europe Germaine Krull, 1928, Book cover for Germaine Krull "Métal. Introduction by Florent Fels" (Paris: Librairie des Arts Décoratifs, 1928), Book cover, Christie's - New York, | Germaine Krull publishes Métal with an introduction by Florent Fels" (Paris: Librairie des Arts Décoratifs, 1928) | 1927 | Europe | First trans-Atlantic telephone call | 1927 | Europe - UK | Violet K. Blaiklock (?-1961) and Agnes Beatrice Warburg, UK, (1872-1953) co-found the Colour Group of The Royal Photographic Society (UK). Prior to this they had experimented with many different forms of color photography, inventing the Warburytype. | 1927 | North America - Canada | The first exhibition of Pictorial photography is held in Vancouver (B.C.). | 1928 | North America - USA | Mickey Mouse is shown for the first time by Walt Disney | 1928 | Europe - Great Britain | The Equal Franchise Act in Great Britain grants voting rights to women and men over twenty-one. | 1928 | Europe - Spain | Luis Buñuel (1900-1983) and Salvador Dalí (1904-1989) makes Un Chien Andalou (An Andalusian Dog), | 1928 | Europe - Germany Karl Blossfeldt, 1929 (2nd edition), Cornus florida. Box-wood of N. America, Flowering Dogwood. Shoots enlarged 3 times., [Urformen der Kunst / Art Forms in Nature, Pl. 18], Gravure, Christopher Wahren Fine Photographs, | Karl Blossfeldt publishes Urformen der Kunst. | 1928 | Europe - Germany Albert Renger-Patzsch, 1928, Book cover for "Die Welt ist Schön -- the World is Beautiful" (Munich: Kurt Wolff, 1928), Book cover, Christie's - New York, | Albert Renger-Patzsch publishes Die Welt ist Schön (Munich: Kurt Wolff, 1928) | 1928 | North America - USA Tom Howard, 1928, Execution of Ruth Synder, Silver contact print, warm-toned, Swann Galleries - New York, | The execution of Ruth Synder by electrocution at Sing Sing Prison is secretly photographed by Tom Howard and is published in an extra edition of the Daily News: New York‘s Picture Newspaper. | 1929 | North America - USA | The Great Depression in the US | 1929 | North America - USA | Museum of Modern Art opens in New York. | 1929 | Europe - Germany August Sander, 1929, Book cover for August Sander "Antlitz der Zeit -- Face of our Time. Introduction by Alfred Döblin. " (Munich: Transmare and Kurt Wolff, 1929), Book cover, Christie's - New York, | August Sander publishes Antlitz der Zeit with an introduction by Alfred Döblin (Munich: Transmare and Kurt Wolff, 1929). | 1929 | North America - USA Edward Steichen, 1929, Book cover for Edward Steichen "Steichen. the Photographer. Text by Carl Sandburg" (New York: Harcourt, Brace and Co., 1929), Book cover, Christie's - New York, | Edward Steichen publishes Steichen The Photographer with text by Carl Sandburg (New York: Harcourt, Brace and Co., 1929). | 1929 | North America - USA | Stock Market Crash (USA) | 1929 | North America - USA | The St. Valentine's Day Massacre takes place in Chicago and the bloody remains are photographed by numerous news photographers. | 1929 | Europe - France Man Ray, 1929, Seated Nude, Gelatin silver print, solarized, Edwynn Houk Gallery, | Man Ray and Lee Miller rediscover the Sabattier effect and call it solarization. They start to use it for artistic photographs. | 1929 | Europe - France Eli Lotar, 1929 (ca), Untitled (Head of Slaughtered Calf), Gelatin silver print, Philadelphia Museum of Art, | Photographs of the slaughterhouses at La Villette in Paris by Eli Lotar are published in the Surrealist publication Documents, (issue 6). | 1930 | North America - USA Ansel Adams, n.d., New Church, [Taos Peublo, pl. V], Photograph, Ansel Adams Gallery, | Ansel Adams publishes Taos Pueblo. | 1930 | Europe - France Eugène Atget, 1930, Book cover for "Atget: Photographe de Paris" (New York: E. Weyhe, 1930), Book cover, Private collection, | Eugène Atget publishes Atget Photographe de Paris (New York: E. Weyhe, 1930). | 1930 | Europe - France Claude Cahun, 1930, Book cover for Claude Cahun "Aveux Non Avenus" (Paris: Editions du Carrefour, 1930), Book cover, Christie's - New York, | Claude Cahun publishes Aveux non Avenus (Paris: Éditions du Carrefour, 1930). | 1930 | Europe - Czechoslovakia Frantisek Drtikol, 1930, Zena Ve Svetle [Women in Light], Swann Galleries - New York, | Frantisek Drtikol publishes Zena ve Svetle [Women in Light] (Prague: E. Beaufort, 1930). | 1930 | Europe - Russia Alexander Rodchenko, 1935, Inside layout for "SSSR na Strojke" (USSR in Construction) Issue #12, 1935 [Parachute Issue], Magazine layout, Howard Schickler Fine Art (CLOSED - 2006), | In Russia the photomagazine USSR in Construction ('SSSR na stroike') is published. The use of photomontage and collage by photographers such as Alexander Rodchenko influences graphic design. | 1930 | Europe - France | Film stills for Luis Bunuel's surrealist film L'Âge d'or published in Le Surrealisme au service de la revolution (issue 1). | 1931 | Europe - Great Britain Bill Jay, n.d., Bill Brandt, [Photographers], Gelatin silver print, Provided by the artist - Bill Jay, | Bill Brandt moves to London. | 1931 | Europe - Spain | Salvador Dalí (1904-1989) paints The Persistence of Memory | 1931 | Europe - France Max Ernst, 1931, Book cover for Max Ernst, 1931, Mr. Knife Miss Fork, Text by René Crevel, (Paris: the Black Sun Press), Book cover, Christie's - New York, | Max Ernst and René Crevel publish Mr. Knife Miss Fork text by René Crevel" (Paris: The Black Sun Press, 1931). | 1931 | Europe - Germany Helmar Lerski, 1931, Book cover for Helmar Lerski, 1931, Köpfe des Alltags. Unbekannte Menschen -- Everyday Heads. Unknown People, (Berlin: Hermann Reckendorf), Book cover, Christie's - London, | Helmar Lerski publishes Köpfe des Alltags. | 1931 | Europe - France , 1931, Book cover for Moi Ver "Paris. Introduction by Fernand Léger" (Paris: Jeanne Walter, 1931), Book cover, Christie's - New York, | Moi Ver publishes Paris with an introduction by Fernand Léger (Paris: Jeanne Walter, 1931). | 1931 | Europe - Germany Erich Salomon, 1931, Book cover for Dr. Erich Salomon "Berühmte Zeitgenossen" (Stuttgart: Engelhorns Nachf., 1931), Book cover, Private collection, | Erich Salomon publishes Berühmte Zeitgenossen. | 1932 | North America - USA 2014, Book cover for Mary Street Alinder, 2014, Group f.64: Edward Weston, Ansel Adams, Imogen Cunningham, and the Community of Artists Who Revolutionized American Photography, (Bloomsbury), Book cover, Amazon - USA, | Group f64 is formed by eleven West Coast photographers. | 1932 | North America - USA | Amelia Earhart (1897-1937) flies solo across the Atlantic. | 1932 | North America - USA Lewis W. Hine, 1932, Book cover for Lewis Hine "Men at Work" (New York: the Macmillan Company, 1932), Book cover, Christie's - New York, | Lewis Hine publishes Men at Work (New York: The Macmillan Company, 1932) | 1933 | Europe - France Brassaï, 1932, Book cover for Brassaï "Paul Morand: Paris de Nuit" (Editions " Arts et métiers graphiques, coll. "Réalités", 1933), Book cover, Swann Galleries - New York, | Brassaï publishes Paris de Nuit. | 1933 | North America - USA Doris Ulmann, 1933, Book cover for Doris Ulmann "Roll, Jordan, Roll. Text by Julia Peterkin" (New York: Robert O. Ballou, 1933), Book cover, Christie's - New York, | Doris Ullman and Julia Peterkin publishes Roll, Jordan, Roll. (New York: Robert O. Ballou, 1933) | 1933 | Europe - Germany | Adolf Hitler becomes Chancellor of Germany | 1933 | Europe - Germany Unidentified photographer, 1926 (ca), Bauhaus Dessau Masters on the roof: left to right, Josef Albers, Hinnerk Scheper, Georg Muche, Lßszlo Moholy-Nagy, Herbert Bayer, Joost Schmidt, Walter Gropius, Marcel Breuer, Wassily Kandinsky, Paul Klee, Lyonel Feininger, Gunta Stölzl, Oskar Schlemmer, Gelatin silver print, Harvard Art Museum / Busch-Reisinger Museum, | Staff at the Bauhaus dissolve the organization due to political pressure.
The remarkable talent pool of teachers leave Germany before the Second World War - Josef Albers (1933/USA), Vassily Kandinsky (1933/France), Paul Klee (1933/Switzerland), Walter Gropius (1934/Great Britain, 1937/USA), László Moholy-Nagy (1934/Netherlands, 1935/Great Britain, 1937/USA), Marcel Breuer (1935/Great Britain, 1937/USA), Ludwig Mies van der Rohe (1937/USA), Herbert Bayer (1938/USA), Walter Peterhans (1938/USA). László Moholy-Nagy goes on to found the New Bauhaus in Chicago (USA) in 1937. |
1934 | Europe - France Man Ray, 1934, Book cover for Man Ray, 1934, Man Ray Photographs 1920-1934, (Paris), Book cover, Swann Galleries - New York, | Man Ray publishes Man Ray Photographies 1920-1934. | 1934 | Europe - Germany Leni Riefenstahl, 1935, Poster for the film "Triumph des Willens", Poster, Creative Commons - Wikipedia, | Nuremberg Nazi Party rally headed by Adolf Hitler. Leni Riefenstahl films the rally and makes it into the propaganda film Triumph of the Will (Triumph des Willens) which comes out in 1935. | 1934 | Europe - Portugal 1934, Book cover for "Portugal 1934" (Lisbon, Edited by S.P.N. - Secretariado Nacional de Propaganda, 1934), Book cover, P4 Photography (formerly Potássio Quatro), | "Portugal 1934" is published as the official propaganda book for the Estado Novo, the right-wing regime inaugurated by Salazar in 1933. It uses photomontage as a propaganda tool. | 1934 | Europe - France | Exploring the primitive and the unconsciuous mind as expressed through graffiti Bill Brandt publishes a selection of photographs in the article "Du mur des cavernes au mur d'usine" in the Surrealist magazine Minotaure (no. 3-4). | 1934 | Europe - Germany Hans Bellmer, 1934 (ca), La Poupée, Gelatin silver print, Metropolitan Museum of Art, | Hans Bellmer includes ten of his unsettling black and white photographs of his first doll in Die Puppe (Karlsruhe, Privately published and anonymous) | 1935 | North America - USA Unidentified photographer, 1935, 14 April, Dust Storm in Rolla, Kansas; - 05/06/35; Dear Mr. Roosevelt, Darkness came when it hit us. Picture taken from water tower one hundred feet high. Yours Truly, Chas. P. Williams. - Photo: Massive Dark cloud approaching village in forefront., Gelatin silver print, National Archives and Records Administration, | Works Progress Administration (WPA) is launched to address some of the social upheavals of the Great Depression and the destruction of the central states by the dust storms. | 1935 | Europe - Russia El Lissitzky, 1935, Book cover for El Lissitzky "Industriia Sotsializma -- Socialist Industry. Edited by B.M. Tal." (Moscow: IZOGIZ, 1935), Book cover, Christie's - New York, | El Lissitzky publishes Industriia Sotsializma Edited by B.M. Tal. (Moscow: IZOGIZ, 1935) | 1935 | Europe - France Man Ray, 1935, Book cover for Man Ray Facile -- Easy. Text by Paul Eluard, (Paris: GLM, 1935), Book cover, Christie's - New York, | Man Ray and Paul Éluard publish Facile. (Paris: GLM, 1935) | 1935 | Africa | Second Italo-Abyssinian War | 1935 | North America - USA | Exhibition at the Julian Levy Gallery in New York of works by Manuel Álvarez Bravo, Henri Cartier-Bresson and Walker Evans. | 1935 | North America - USA | Kodachrome becomes the first color film widely available to amateurs. It is the invention of Leopold Godowsky and Leopold Mannes. | 1935 | Europe - France | The mystery of the night is explored by Bill Brandt in his piece "Nuits parisiennes" in the Surrealist magazine Minotaure (no. 7). | 1936 | Europe - Great Britain Bill Brandt, 1936, The English at Home, Book cover, Swann Galleries - New York, | Bill Brandt publishes The English at Home. | 1936 | Europe - France Hans Bellmer, 1935-1949, Untitled, [La Poupée], Gelatin silver print, hand-coloured, Marvelli Gallery, | Hans Bellmer publishes La Poupée (Paris: G.L.M, 1936). | 1936 | Europe - France Georges Hugnet, 1936, Book cover for Georges Hugnet "La Septième Face du Dé" (Paris: Jeanne Bucher, 1936), Book cover, Christie's - New York, | Georges Hugnet publishes La Septième Face du Dé (Paris: Jeanne Bucher, 1936). | 1936 | Europe - Germany Leni Riefenstahl, 1936, Erwin Huber war bester Europõer im Olympischen Zehnkampf [Erwin Huber was the leading European in the Olympic Decathlon.], Gelatin silver print, Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, | The Berlin Olympic Games is held and used as an immense propaganda opportunity by the Nazi party. Leni Riefenstahl photographs the athletes and her book, Schönheit im Olympischen Kampf, is published in 1937. | 1936 | Europe - Spain | Spanish Civil War | 1936 | Europe - Russia | Purges ordered by Stalin in Russia | 1936 | North America - USA | Kodachrome color film | 1936 | North America - USA Margaret Bourke-White, 1936, 23 November, Life Magazine - Vol. 1 No. 1, Magazine cover, Source requested, | First issue of the influential photo magazine LIFE comes out in the USA. Its use of the extended photo essay has an influence on generations of photojournalists. | 1936 | North America - USA Arthur Rothstein, 1936, 'Fleeing a dust storm'. Farmer Arthur Coble and sons walking in the face of a dust storm, Cimmaron County, Oklahoma, Gelatin silver print, mounted to board, Silverstein Photography, | Arthur Rothstein takes a photograph for the Rural Resettlement Administration (later the FSA) of Fleeing a dust storm. Farmer Arthur Coble and sons walking in the face of a dust storm, Cimmaron County, Oklahoma. It becomes one of the classic photographs of the Dust Bowl.
"The most interesting and dramatic thing to me was to show not the abandoned farms but the relation of the people to their environment: what effect it had on them, their reaction to it. The picture of the man and his two sons seemed to sum it all up." |
1936 | Europe - Spain Robert Capa, 1936, Death of a Republican Soldier, Spain, near Cerro Muriano, about September 5, 1936, Gelatin silver print, Peter Fetterman Gallery, | Robert Capa takes his most famous photograph Loyalist Militiaman at the Moment of Death, Cerro Muriano during the Spanish Civil War. It becomes one of the seminal war images. | 1936 | Europe - Germany | Agfacolor color film is introduced. | 1937 | Europe - Spain Dora Maar, 1937, May-June, Reportage sur l'évolution de «Guernica» (Photo Report of the Evolution of "Guernica"), Gelatin silver print, Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofia, | Pablo Picasso (1881-1973) paints Guernica that commemorates the German bombing of the Basque town during the Spanish Civil War. | 1937 | North America - USA Margaret Bourke-White, 1937, Book cover for Erskine Caldwell & Margaret Bourke-White, 1937, You Have Seen Their Faces., (New York: The Viking Press), Book cover, Swann Galleries - New York, | Margaret Bourke-White and Erskine Caldwell publish You Have Seen Their Faces. | 1937 | North America - USA | The New Bauhaus is founded in Chicago by László Moholy-Nagy and in the 1950s it is merged into the Illinois Institute of Technology. The institution follows the spirit and curriculum of the Bauhaus in Germany that was closed down in 1933 due to political pressure as the Nazis gained dominance. It has an important place in photography with Gyorgy Kepes, Nathan Lerner, Arthur Siegal, Aaron Siskind and Harry Callaghan teaching there. | 1937 | North America - USA | First issue of Popular Photography published | 1937 | North America - USA | The retrospective exhibition Photography 1839-1937 opens in the spring at the Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) in New York and is the first comprehensive exhibition on the history of photography. The exhibition is organized by Beaumont Newhall and the catalogue Photography, 1839-1937 evolves into one of the standard histories of photography and greatly influences who has been included in the accepted history. | 1937 | North America - USA | Edward Weston receives the John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation fellowship - the first awarded to a photographer. | 1937 | North America - USA Dorothea Lange, 1936, Human Erosion in California (Migrant Mother) [Nipomo, California], Gelatin silver print, J. Paul Getty Museum, | As the USA is in the Great Depression of the 1930s the Farm Security Administration (FSA) is established by the Department of Agriculture. It employs many socially committed photographers to record the lives of everyday people. The archive they produce becomes one of the historical treasures of the USA. | 1937 | Europe - Great Britain | In the UK the Mass Observation project is founded to record the everyday lives of common people in minute detail. It does not produce the volume of photographs of the FSA in the USA but Humphrey Spender takes 900 photographs for his Worktown project. | 1937 | North America - USA Charles Hoff, 1937, Hindenburg, Lakehurst, Gelatin silver print, Galerie Johannes Faber, | The airship Hindenburg explodes at Lake Hurst, New Jersey with the loss of 36 lives. Black and white shots are by taken most of the press photographers present including a sequence of three in rapid succession by Murray Becker (Associated Press). 35mm color Kodachrome photographs are taken by Gerry Sheedy (New York Sunday Mirror). | 1937 | Asia - China | The Rape of Nanjing is carried out with hundreds of thousands of Chinese civilians and troops massacred by the Japanese forces. In December 1937 Japanese bombers sink the gunboat U.S.S. Panay near Nanking as they bomb the city. | 1938 | North America - USA | The full length cartoon Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs is shown. | 1938 | Europe - Spain | George Orwell publishes Homage to Catalonia | 1938 | North America - USA Walker Evans, 1938, American Photographs, Book cover, Swann Galleries - New York, | Walker Evans publishes American Photographs. | 1938 | Europe | Germany annexes Austria | 1938 | Europe - Great Britain Tom Hopkinson, 1970, Book cover for Tom Hopkinson (ed.), 1970, Picture Post 1938-50, (Harmondsworth: Penguin), Book cover, Amazon - USA, | Stephan Lorant founds the photographically illustrated Picture Post in the UK. The first issue comes out on 1 October 1938 | 1939 | Global | Second World War | 1939 | North America - USA | The film The Wizard of Oz is released. | 1939 | North America - USA Berenice Abbott, 1939, Changing New York, Book cover, Swann Galleries - New York, | Berenice Abbott publishes Changing New York. | 1939 | North America - USA Dorothea Lange, 1939, Book cover for Dorothea Lange "An American Exodus: A Record of Human Erosion. Text by Paul Taylor" (New York: Reynald Hitchcock, 1939), Book cover, Christie's - New York, | Dorothea Lange publishes An American Exodus with text by Paul Schuster Taylor (New York: Reynald Hitchcock, 1939). | 1939 | North America - USA | John Steinbeck publishes The Grapes of Wrath | 1939 | North America - USA | The film Gone with the Wind is released. | 1939 | North America - USA | Retrospective of the documentary photography of Lewis Hine (1905 to 1938) at the Riverside Museum, N.Y. City (now the Nicholas Roerich Museum) organized by Elizabeth McCausland, Beaumont Newhall and Berenice Abbott with sponsors including Alfred Stieglitz, Paul Strand, Edward Steichen, Willard and Barbara Morgan. | 1941 | North America - USA Walker Evans, 1941, Book cover for Walker Evans "Let Us Now Praise Famous Men. three Tenant Families. Text by James Agee" (Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1941), Book cover, Christie's - New York, | Walker Evans and James Agee publish Let Us Now Praise Famous Men. Three Tenant Families (Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1941). | 1941 | North America - USA Unidentified photographer / artist, 1941, 7 December, USS Shaw (DD-373) exploding during the Japanese raid on Pearl Harbor, National Archives and Records Administration, | Pearl Harbor | 1942 | North America - USA | Edward Hopper paints Nighthawks | 1943 | North America - USA | The film Casablanca is released. | 1943 | Europe - Poland | Uprising in the Warsaw Ghetto | 1943 | North America - USA | Weegee (Arthur Fellig) takes his famous photograph The Critic outside the Metropolitan Opera House in New York. Published in LIFE magazine on 6 December 1943 it pushes his career forward. | 1944 | Europe - France Robert Capa, 1944, 6 June, D-Day, Omaha Beach, June 6, 1944, Gelatin silver print, Peter Fetterman Gallery, | Allied invasion of Normandy (D-Day) | 1944 | Europe - France Robert Capa, 1944, 6 June (taken) 2007 (publication), The first wave of American troops landing on D-Day, Omaha Beach, Normandy coast, France; June 6, 1944, [Magnum Founders], Platinum print, bound into a book, Verso Limited Editions, | During the Allied invasion of Normandy (D-Day) Robert Capa photographs the landings at Omaha Beach. He exposes 106 frames of the heavily laden troops at they struggle past the steel landing craft obstructions before wading to an LCI (landing craft, infantry) to return to England with the first photographs of the invasion. All but eleven blurry images remain after the films are overheated when drying. | 1945 | Europe - Great Britain | George Orwell publishes Animal Farm. | 1945 | North America - USA Alexey Brodovitch, 1945, Book cover for Alexey Brodovitch "Ballet" (New York: J.J. Augustin, 1945), Book cover, Christie's - New York, | Alexey Brodovitch publishes Ballet (New York: J.J. Augustin, 1945). | 1945 | North America - USA André Kertész, 1945, Book cover for André Kertész "Day of Paris" (New York: J.J. Augustin, 1945), Book cover, Private collection, | André Kertész publishes Day of Paris. | 1945 | Europe - Czechoslovakia Jindrich Styrsky, 1945, Book cover for Jindrich Styrsky "Na jehlßch techto dni -- On the Needles of These Days. Text by Jindrich Heisler, design by Karel Teige" (Prague: F.R. Borovy, 1945), Book cover, Christie's - New York, | Jindrich Styrsky and Jindrich Heisler publish Na jehlach techto dni [On the Needles of these Days]. | 1945 | North America - USA Weegee, 1945, Book cover for Weegee "Naked City" (New York: Essential Books), Book cover, Christie's - London, | Weegee (Arthur Fellig) publishes Naked City. | 1945 | Asia - Japan Unidentified photographer, 1945, Nakasaki Mushroom Cloud, Gelatin silver print, Klotz / Sirmon Gallery (CLOSED), | Atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima in Japan. The tail gunner of the Enola Gay, Sgt. George R. Caron, took a roll of film of the detonation. | 1945 | Global | The United Nations Charter is ratified. | 1945 | Asia - Iwo Jima Joe Rosenthal, 1945, 23 Febuary (taken), The flag raising on Iwo Jima, "Soundphotos" (wire photos), Larry Gottheim, Be-hold, Inc, | Joe Rosenthal takes the photograph of the Flag raising on Iwo Jima showing six marines putting up a large flag on Mount Suribachi. It quickly becomes one of the iconic American war photographs.
A feature film Flags of Our Fathers (2006) , directed by Clint Eastwood, retells the story. |
1945 | North America - USA Alfred Eisenstaedt, 1945, VJ Day in Times Square, Gelatin silver print, Klotz / Sirmon Gallery (CLOSED), | V-J Day ended the hostilities of the Second World War and was a time of celebrations for the Allies. The photograph by Alfred Eisenstaedt catches the atmosphere of the occasion when anybody could kiss anybody and get away with it. The photograph is fascinating because of the numbers of people who claimed to be the sailor or the nurse involved to learn more about it go to http://time.com/3517476/v-j-day-1945-a-nation-lets-loose/ | 1945 | Asia - Japan New York Times Staff Photographer, 1945, Gen. McArthur Signing the Surrender Document on Board the USS Missouri, Tokyo, Gelatin silver print, Fahey / Klein Gallery, | General McArthur accepted the surrender of the Empire of Japan on board the USS Missouri in Tokyo Bay. | 1945 | Europe - Germany Yevgeny Khaldei, 1945, 2 May, Soldiers raising the flag of Soviet Union on the roof of Reichstag building in Berlin, Gelatin silver print, Creative Commons - Wikipedia, | Yevgeny Khaldei photographs the placing of a Soviet flag on the Reichstag in Berlin showing that the European phase of the Second World War is nearly over. | 1945 | North America - USA | LIFE in the USA runs the Holocaust photographs taken at Buchenwald in April 1945 by Lee Miller with the statement "Dead men will have indeed died in vain if live men refuse to look at them." | 1945 | Asia - Japan Yosuke Yamahata, 1945, 10 August, A-Bomb Terror in Nagasaki, Japan, Black and white photograph, United Nations Photo, | Atomic bomb dropped on Nagasaki in Japan. | 1946 | North America - USA | Wright Morris publishes The Inhabitants. | 1946 | Europe - Czechoslovakia Zdenek Tmej, 1946, Book cover for Zdenek Tmej, 1946, Abeceda: Dusevniho prßzdna [Alphabet of Spiritual Emptiness], Book cover, Swann Galleries - New York, | Zdenek Tmej publishes Abeceda: Duševního Prázdna [Alphabet of Spiritual Emptiness] | 1946 | Europe - Greece | Greek Civil War | 1946 | North America - USA | Alfred Stieglitz dies. His role in placing photography amongst the arts and in influencing its direction in the late 19th century and in the first twenty years of the 20th is difficult to overstate. | 1947 | North America - USA Robert Capa, 1947, Book cover for Robert Capa "Slightly Out of Focus" (New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1947), Book cover, Private collection, | Robert Capa publishes Slightly Out of Focus. | 1947 | North America - USA Edward Weston, 1947, Book cover for "Edward Weston: 50 Photographs" (New York: Duell Sloan & Pearce Publishers), Book cover, Swann Galleries - New York, | Edward Weston publishes Fifty Photographs. | 1947 | Europe - France | The Magnum photo agency is founded. | 1947 | Asia - India / Pakistan | India gains its independence from Britain and Pakistan is created. The ethnic and religious divisions within the new countries result in mass migrations and terrible bloodshed. | 1948 | North America - USA | The Marshall Plan is passed by the U.S. Congress to rebuild a war devastated Europe. | 1948 | Middle East | State of Israel formed | 1948 | North America - USA | Edwin Land introduces the Polaroid camera | 1948 | North America - USA W. Eugene Smith, 1948, 20 September, Country Dr. Ernest Ceriani wiping the eye of 2 1/2-year-old girl whose head he has just stitched up after she was kicked in the head by a horse, in emergency room at hospital., [Country Doctor], Gelatin silver print, LIFE, | W. Eugene Smith publishes his photo-essay Country Doctor in LIFE magazine in the USA. | 1948 | Europe - Denmark Keld Helmer-Petersen, 1948, Book cover for Keld Helmer-Petersen "122 Colour Photographs" (Copenhagen: Schoenberg, 1948), Book cover, Christie's - New York, | The Danish photographer Keld Helmer-Petersen self-publishes 122 Colour Photographs Copenhagen: Schoenberg, 1948) which embraces the Modernist style and the use of color. This is one of the first books to use color photography effectively. | 1949 | North America - USA | Arthur Miller play Death of a Salesman opens. | 1949 | Europe - France Robert Doisneau, 1949, Book cover for Robert Doisneau & Blaise Cendrars (text) "La Banlieue de Paris" (Paris: Pierre Seghers Editeur, 1949), Book cover, Ader Nordmann, | Robert Doisneau and Blaise Cendrars publish La Banlieue de Paris. | 1949 | Asia - China | Communist People's Republic established (China) | 1949 | Europe - France Jean Manzon, 1952, 12 January, Front cover for "Paris Match" No. 147, Magazine cover, Private collection, | Paris Match is founded as a quality weekly using extensive photo-reportage. | 1950 | Asia - Korea | Korean War | 1951 | North America - USA | The nuclear spies Julius (1918-1953) and Ethel (1915-1953) Rosenberg are executed. | 1951 | North America - USA | J. D. Salinger publishes The Catcher in the Rye | 1951 | Europe - Great Britain | The Festival of Britain is held to mark to centennial of the Great Exhibition of 1851. | 1951 | Africa - Southern Africa | In South Africa the magazine 'The African Drum is created by an Africaner (Robert Crisp) after a slow start it becomes The Drum and is culturally important throughout Africa for many years. | 1951 | Europe - Germany | The exhibition Subjektive Fotografie opens in Cologne. | 1952 | North America - USA Henri Cartier-Bresson, 1952, Book cover for "the Decisive Moment" (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1952), Book cover, Private collection, | Henri Cartier-Bresson publishes The Decisive Moment (New York: Simon and Schuster). | 1952 | Europe - Switzerland Paul Strand, 1952, Book cover for Claude Roy & Paul Strand "La France de Profil" (Lausanne: Guilde du Livre, 1952), Book cover, Soler y LLach, | Paul Strand and Claude Roy publish La France de Profil. | 1952 | Europe - Greece | The Greek Photographic Society (EFE) is founded. | 1952 | North America - USA | Minor White founds the influential photographic magazine Aperture. | 1953 | North America - Cuba | The Cuban Revolution | 1953 | Global | James Watson and Francis Crick announce that DNA has the form of a double helix and go on to receive the Nobel prize for their work. Their work is partially based on the 1952 work of Rosalind Franklin who had produced x-ray evidence and notes on the DNA molecule. | 1953 | Asia - French Indochina | Robert Capa is killed by a land mine whilst photographing in French Indochina. He had been the motivator behind the formation of the Magnum photo-agency. | 1954 | North America - Canada | First issue of Sports Illustrated (Vol.1 No.1) and includes a photograph by Mark Kauffman of the mile race between Dr. Roger Bannister (England) and Michael Landy (Australia) in Vancouver when both men beat the four minute barrier. | 1954 | Asia - French Indochina | French forces are defeated at the Battle of Dien Bien Phu and this marks the end of French Indochina | 1955 | North America - USA Roy DeCarava, 1955, Book cover for Roy DeCarava "The Sweet Flypaper of Life" Story by Langston Hughes. (New York: Simon & Schuster, Inc., 1955), Book cover, Swann Galleries - New York, | Roy DeCarava and Langston Hughes publish The Sweet Flypaper of Life. | 1955 | North America - USA | Edward Steichen organizes The Family of Man Exhibition which was shown first at Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) in New York but tours to widespread acclaim and vast crowds. It includes 503 works by 273 photographers from 68 countries. | 1955 | North America - USA | The poem Howl by Allen Ginsberg with its exploration of drug-induced realities of the Beat generation was censored but finally published in 1957 to wide acclaim. | 1956 | Middle East | The Suez Crisis | 1956 | Europe - France William Klein, 1956, Book cover for William Klein, New York, life is good & good for you in New York, (Paris: Le Seuil, 1956), Book cover, Ader Nordmann, | William Klein publishes Life Is Good & Good for You in New York. | 1956 | Europe - Czechoslovakia Josef Sudek, 1956, Book cover for "Lubomir Linhart: Josef Sudek Fotografie" (Prague, Statni Nakl.Krasne Literatury, Hudby a Umeni, 1956), Book cover, Artcurial, | Josef Sudek publishes Josef Sudek Fotografie. | 1956 | Europe - Netherlands Ed Van der Elsken, 1956, Book cover for André Deutsch & Ed van der Elsken "Love on the Left Bank" (Holland: Export printing office W. vonk, 1956), Book cover, Soler y LLach, | Ed Van der Elsken publishes Love on the Left Bank. | 1957 | North America - USA | Jack Kerouac publishes On the Road. | 1957 | North America - USA Russell Kirsch and colleagues (NIST), 1957, Walden Kirsch, son of Russell Kirsch, the leader of the team that developed the image scanner., Scanned image, Creative Commons - Wikipedia, | One of the earliest digital images created showing Walden Kirsch, baby son of Russell Kirsch, the leader of the team at National Bureau of Standards (NIST) that developed the image scanner. | 1959 | North America - USA Richard Avedon, 1959, Book cover for Richard Avedon, Observations, With text by Truman Capote (Lucerne: Camera Verlag C. J. Bucher, 1959) [First German edition], Book cover, Bassenge Photography Auctions, | Richard Avedon and Truman Capote publish Observations. | 1959 | North America - USA Robert Frank, 1959, Front cover of "the Americans" (New York: Grove Press), Book cover, Private collection, | Robert Frank publishes The Americans. A French edition published by Delpire had been released in 1958. | 1959 | North America - USA | Aaron Siskind publishes Photographs | 1959 | Europe - Netherlands | Ed Van der Elsken publishes Jazz. | 1960 | North America - USA | Irving Penn publishes Moments Preserved. | 1960 | Asia - Japan | Inejiro Asanuma (Chairman of Japan's Socialist Party) is assassinated in the Hibiya Hall in Tokyo by a right wing student. Yasushi Nagao, working for the Tokyo daily newspaper Mainichi photographs the stabbing. | 1960 | Africa - South Africa Unidentified photographer - Keystone / Staff, 1960, 22 March, Aftermath of the Sharpeville massacre, Photograph, Creative Commons - Wikipedia, | At least 180 black Africans are injured and 69 killed when South African police open fire on demonstrators protesting the pass laws in Sharpeville. | 1961 | North America - USA | Alan Shepard makes the first American space flight. | 1961 | North America - USA | Joseph Heller publishes Catch-22. | 1961 | North America - Cuba | The Bay of Pigs invasion of Cuba by American backed forces ends in catastrophe. | 1961 | Europe - Great Britain Bill Brandt, 1961, Book cover for "Perspective of Nudes" (London: the Bodley Head), Book cover, Private collection, | Bill Brandt publishes Perspective of Nudes. | 1961 | Asia - Vietnam | Vietnam War | 1962 | North America - USA | Andy Warhol paints his Campbell's Soup Cans. | 1962 | North America - USA Frederick Sommer, 1962, Book cover for Frederick Sommer, 1962, Frederick Sommer 1939-1962 Photographs, (New York: Aperture), Book cover, Arcana: Books on the Arts, | Frederick Sommer publishes Frederick Sommer 1939-1962 Photographs | 1962 | Africa - Algeria | Algeria gains independence from France | 1963 | North America - USA | Bob Dylan records Blowin' in the Wind | 1963 | Asia - Japan Eikoh Hosoe, 1963, Book cover for Eikoh Hosoe "Ba-Ra-Kei [Killed by Roses]" (Tokyo, Shuei-sha, 1963), Book cover, Swann Galleries - New York, | Eikoh Hosoe and the novelist Yukio Mishima publish Killed by Roses. The ardent nationalist Mishima commits suicide by seppuku on 25 November 1970. | 1963 | North America - USA | President Kennedy assassinated | 1963 | Asia - Vietnam | Thich Quang Doc, a Buddhist priest, burns himself to death as a protest over religious freedom on a street in Saigon. Malcolm Browne (AP) photographs the protest. | 1963 | North America - USA | Jack Ruby assassinates Lee Harvey Oswald - the supposed killer of President John F. Kennedy who had died two days earlier. Robert Jackson (Dallas Times-Herald) photographs the exact moment of the shooting and is awarded the 1964 Pulitzer Prize. | 1964 | North America - USA Harry Callahan, 1964, Book cover for "Photographs: Harry Callahan" (Santa Barbara, California: El Mochuelo Gallery, 1964), Book cover, Swann Galleries - New York, | Harry Callahan publishes Photographs. | 1965 | North America - USA Peter Beard, 1965, Book cover for Peter Beard, 1965, The End of the Game: The Old Africa and the New, (New York: The Viking Press), Book cover, Ader Nordmann, | Peter Hill Beard publishes The End of the Game which uses a scrapbook style linking his photographs to the destruction of African wildlife. | 1965 | North America - USA | Emmet Gowin publishes Concerning America and Alfred Stieglitz, and Myself. | 1965 | Asia - Japan | Kikuji Kawada publishes The Map. | 1965 | North America - USA Helen Levitt, 1965, Book cover for Helen Levitt "A Way of Seeing. Text by James Agee" (New York: the Viking Press, 1965), Book cover, Christie's - New York, | Helen Levitt publishes A Way of Seeing. | 1965 | Europe - Great Britain | Helmut Gernsheim & Alison Gernsheim publish A Concise History of Photography with the first edition published by Thames and Hudson in the UK and Grosset & Dunlap in the USA. | 1966 | North America - USA Walker Evans, 1966, Book cover for Walker Evans & James Agee (introduction), 1966, Many Are Called, (Boston: Houghton Mifflin), Book cover, The Manhattan Rare Book Company, | Walker Evans publishes Many Are Called which includes his subway portraits taken with a concealed camera. | 1966 | North America - USA Edward Ruscha, 1971, Book cover for Ed Ruscha "Every Building on the Sunset Strip" (Hollywood: Self-published, Printed by Cinema Center Printing Co., [1971), Book cover, in slipcase, Swann Galleries - New York, | Edward Ruscha publishes Every Building on the Sunset Strip. | 1966 | North America - USA | A meeting is held in the home of Willis Stockdale to found the Antique Photographic Society of Rochester. In May 1968 it changes its name to The Photographic Historical Society which is still active. | 1967 | North America - USA | The film The Graduate is released. | 1967 | South America - Columbia | Gabriel García Márquez publishes One Hundred Years of Solitude | 1967 | North America - USA Ugo Mulas, 1967, Book cover for Ugo Mulas "New York: the New Art Scene. Text by Alan Solomon" (New York: Holt, Rinehart, Winston, 1967), Book cover, Christie's - New York, | Ugo Mulas publishes New York: The New Art Scene. | 1967 | North America - USA | Andy Warhol publishes Andy Warhol's Index (Book) | 1967 | Middle East | Six Day War between Israel and the forces of Egypt, Jordan, Syria and Iraq. | 1967 | North America - USA | The New Documents exhibition at MoMA in New York shows the works of Diane Arbus, Lee Friedlander and Garry Winogrand. The curator John Szarkowski selected three photographers who were more edgy that those previously shown. The show was a conscious break from the old masters of photography and the rather sentimental humanist approach that had developed with the 1955 Family of Man exhibition also held in MoMA. | 1968 | North America - USA Danny Lyon, 1966, Crossing the Ohio near Louisville, Gelatin silver print, Etherton Gallery, | Danny Lyon publishes The Bikeriders. | 1968 | Europe - Czechoslovakia | Soviet Invasion of Czechoslovakia | 1968 | Europe - Great Britain | Aaron Scharf publishes Art and Photography and it is one of the first academic studies to highlight the connections between the two media. | 1968 | Asia - Vietnam Eddie Adams, 1968, Street execution of a Viet Cong prisoner, Saigon, Gelatin silver print, Monroe Gallery Of Photography, | Eddie Adams (Associated Press) photographs Colonel Nguyen Loan (Chief of the South Vietnam National Police) executing a suspect on a Saigon street during the Tet Offensive. | 1968 | North America - USA | Martin Luther King, Jr. is assassinated. | 1968 | North America - USA | The First Conference and Workshop of Photographic Collectors of North America is held at Ohio State University. Organized by Walter Johnson it is the first national meeting for those interested in the history of photography. | 1968 | Europe - Czechoslovakia Josef Koudelka, 1968, August, Warsaw Pact tanks invade Prague, [Invasion 68 Prague], Gelatin silver print, Aperture, | Tanks from the Warsaw Pact invade Prague to crush a short-lived period of political freedom in Czechoslovakia - the Prague Spring. Josef Koudelka documents the invasion and the photographs are widely published in the West although the name of the photographer is not given. In 1969 Robert Capa Gold Medal Award was awarded anonymously but it was not until sixteen years later that the identity of the photographer is acknowledged. On the fortieth anniversary of the invasion in 2008 Aperture publishes the book Invasion 68: Prague containing two hundred and fifty of the photographs Koudelka took. | 1969 | North America - USA | The Woodstock Music Festival | 1969 | North America - USA | Garry Winogrand publishes The Animals. | 1969 | North America - USA Unidentified photographer / artist, 1969, Earthrise sequence - Earth rises over lunar horizon, NASA, | American astronauts (Neil Armstrong and Edwin "Buzz" Aldrin) from Apollo 11 land on the moon whilst Michael Collins looks after the ship. | 1970 | North America - USA | Shootings of students by the National Guard at an antiwar demonstration at Kent State University in Ohio. | 1970 | Europe - Germany | Bernd & Hilla Becher publish Anonyme Skulpturen | 1970 | North America - USA | Bruce Davidson publishes East 100th Street. | 1970 | North America - USA | Lee Friedlander publishes Self Portrait. | 1970 | North America - USA | Jacques-Henri Lartigue publishes Diary of a Century. | 1970 | North America - USA | The first PhotoHistory Symposia is held at George Eastman House, Rochester, New York. This has been held every three years since 1970 and is indicative of increasing scholarly interest in the history of photography. | 1971 | Asia - Japan | Nobuyoshi Araki publishes Sentimental Journey. | 1971 | North America - USA | Larry Clark publishes Tulsa. | 1971 | North America - USA Danny Lyon, 1968, Prisoner suffering from heat exhaustion, Ellis Prison Farm, Texas, [Conversations with the Dead], Gelatin silver print, Source requested, | Danny Lyon publishes Conversations with the Dead. | 1971 | North America - USA | Lucas Samaras publishes Samaras Album. | 1971 | North America - USA | Diane Arbus publishes Diane Arbus. | 1972 | Europe - Germany | Pierre Molinier and Peter Gorsen publish Pierre Molinier, lui-même. | 1972 | Asia - Japan | Daido Moriyama publishes Bye, Bye Photography, Dear. | 1973 | North America - USA | Michael Lesy publishes Wisconsin Death Trip. | 1973 | North America - USA | Bill Owens publishes Suburbia. | 1973 | Middle East | Yom Kippur War between the armies of Syria and Egypt against those of Israel | 1973 | North America - USA | Fairchild Semiconductor releases a 100 x 100 cell CCD chip and this is the forerunner of all digital image capture devices. | 1974 | North America - USA | Robert Adams publishes The New West. | 1974 | North America - USA | Lewis Baltz publishes The New Industrial Parks near Irvine, California. | 1974 | North America - USA | Ralph Eugene Meatyard publishes The Family Album of Lucybelle Crater. | 1974 | North America - USA | The Watergate Affair - President Nixon resigns | 1975 | North America - USA W. Eugene Smith, 1975, Book cover for W. Eugene Smith and Aileen M. Smith "Minamata" (New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1975), Book cover, Private collection, | W. Eugene Smith publishes Minamata. | 1975 | North America - USA | Stanley Forman (Boston Herald American) photographs nineteen year-old Diana Bryant and three-year-old Tiara Jones falling from a fire escape during an apartment fire. | 1975 | North America - USA Lewis Baltz, 1974, West Wall, the Ted Pella Company, Space W 109, The Esplande V, 3001 Redhill, Costa Mesa, [New Industrial Parks], Gelatin silver print, Barry Singer Gallery, | The influential exhibition New Topographics: Photographs of a Man-Altered Landscape curated by William Jenkins opens at the International Museum of Photography at George Eastman House in Rochester, New York. The works of Robert Adams, Lewis Baltz, Bernd and Hilla Becher, Joe Deal, Frank Gohlke, Nicholas Nixon, John Schott, Stephen Shore and Henry Wessel Jr. all shifted the way that landscape photography is conceived to preserve and record the actual landscape of buildings, suburbs and urbanization rather than pristine views. | 1976 | Europe - Great Britain | The single Anarchy in the U.K. by the Sex Pistols attacks middle class attitudes of commercialism and punk rock influences music and fashion. | 1976 | North America - USA William Eggleston, 2004, Book cover for "William Eggleston's Guide" by William Eggleston & John Szarkowski, Book cover, Arcana: Books on the Arts, | William Eggleston publishes William Eggleston's Guide. | 1976 | North America - USA Lee Friedlander, 1976, Book cover for Lee Friedlander, 1976, The American Monument, (New York: Eakins Press), Book cover, Private collection, | Lee Friedlander publishes The American Monument. | 1976 | North America - USA Susan Meiselas, 2008, Book cover for Susan Meiselas "Carnival Strippers", 2nd revised edition (Steidl, 2008), Book cover, Amazon - USA, | Susan Meiselas publishes Carnival Strippers. | 1976 | North America - USA | The Photographic Resource Center (PRC) opens at Boston University. | 1976 | North America - USA | William Eggleston has a landmark show of his color photographs at MoMA. This events marks the curatorial acceptance of color photography as art in North America. Work by other color photographers including Stephen Shore and Joel Sternfeld increasingly gains recognition. | 1977 | North America - USA | The film Star Wars is released. | 1977 | North America - USA | Mike Mandel and Larry Sultan publish Evidence. | 1977 | Europe - UK | The Photographic Collectors Club of Great Britain is formed by a group of collectors interested in meeting to discuss early equipment. | 1977 | North America - USA Peter Hujar, 1975, Susan Sontag, Fraenkel Gallery, | Susan Sontag publishes On Photography. | 1977 | Europe - UK | The Magic Lantern Society of Great Britain is founded and shortens its name to The Magic Lantern Society in 1991. | 1977 | North America - USA | Grant Romer organizes an exhibition of Contemporary Daguerreotypes at George Eastman House, Rochester, NY. This initial exhibition is one of the key events that encourages the resurgence of experimentation into early photographic techniques and processes. | 1979 | North America - USA Lisette Model, 1979, Book cover for "Lisette Model" (S.l. [New York], Aperture, 1979), Book cover, Artcurial, | Lisette Model publishes Lisette Model. | 1979 | Asia - Afghanistan | Afghanistan Wars | 1979 | Europe - UK | Peter Mitchell has the exhibition "A New Refutation of Viking 4 Space Mission" at the Impressions Gallery in York showing his color photographs of Leeds (UK). This is one of the first showings of color photography in a UK gallery. | 1979 | Europe - Sweden | The Erna and Victor Hasselblad Foundation is established to promote research and academic teaching in the natural sciences and photography. The foundation also gives an awarding each year to "photographer recognized for major achievement".
Award winners: 1980 Lennart Nilsson, 1981 Ansel Adams, 1982 Henri Cartier-Bresson, 1984 Manuel Alvarez Bravo, 1985 Irving Penn, 1986 Ernst Haas, 1987 Hiroshi Hamaya, 1988 Edouard Boubat, 1989 Sebastião Salgado, 1990 William Klein, 1991 Richard Avedon, 1992 Josef Koudelka, 1993 Sune Jonsson, 1994 Susan Meiselas, 1995 Robert Häusser, 1996 Robert Frank, 1997 Christer Strömholm, 1998 William Eggleston, 1999 Cindy Sherman, 2000 Boris Mikhailov, 2001 Hiroshi Sugimoto, 2002 Jeff Wall, 2003 Malick Sidibé, 2004 Bernd and Hilla Becher, 2005 Lee Friedlander, 2006 David Goldblatt, 2007 Nan Goldin. |
1980 | North America - USA | The Personal Computer (PC) is launched by IBM. | 1980 | Middle East | Iran-Iraq War | 1982 | South America | Falklands War | 1983 | North America - USA | Larry Clark publishes Teenage Lust. | 1983 | North America - USA | Gilles Peress publishes Telex Iran. | 1983 | North America - USA | The Museum of Photographic Arts (MoPA) opens officially in San Diego's historic Balboa Park cultural complex with a 7,500 square-foot space | 1984 | North America - USA | The Getty Museum on Los Angeles opens a photographic department with Weston Naef as the first curator. By the end of 1984, through the acquisition of a number of key collections (including those of Samuel Wagstaff, Volker Kahman/Georg Heusch and Bruno Bischofberger), the collection has grown to 25,000 prints, 1,500 daguerreotypes, 475 albums containing almost 40,000 photographs and about 30,000 stereographs and cartes-de-visite. | 1985 | North America - USA | Jim Goldberg publishes Rich and Poor. | 1986 | North America - USA | The space shuttle Challenger explodes. | 1986 | North America - USA | The Iran-Contra Affair becomes public | 1986 | North America - USA Nan Goldin, 1986, Book cover for Nan Goldin "The Ballad of Sexual Dependency" (Aperture, 1986), Book cover, Creative Commons - Wikipedia, | Nan Goldin publishes The Ballad of Sexual Dependency that examines her own life through personal snapshots taken between 1971 and 1985 of her sexual partners, friends and acquaintances as they progress through a personal hell of drugs and sex. The book captures the essence of self-absorption in a surrounding world that doesn't care. | 1986 | North America - USA | Bruce Weber publishes O Rio de Janeiro. | 1987 | North America - USA | Bill Burke publishes I Want To Take Picture. | 1987 | North America - USA Robert Mapplethorpe, 1986, Andy Warhol, Gelatin silver print, Fabien Fryns Fine Arts (CLOSED), | Andy Warhol dies following a gall bladder operation. He had never fully recovered from a gunshot he received in July 1968 from Valerie Solanis of SCUM (Society for Cutting Up Men). He remains one of the seminal figures of Pop Art and his conversion of the banal into art continues to influence photography. | 1987 | Middle East | First Intifada (Israel and the Occupied territories) | 1987 | Europe - Russia | Chernobyl nuclear disaster (Soviet Union) | 1987 | North America - USA | Karl Baden commences the Every day series in which he takes a stylistically similar self-portrait each day. | 1988 | North America - USA Joel Sternfeld, 1987, Book cover for Joel Sternfeld "American Prospects" Introduction by Andy Grundberg. Afterword by Anne W. Tucker (Houston: the Museum of Fine Arts and Times Books, 1987), Book cover, Swann Galleries - New York, | Joel Sternfeld publishes American Prospects. | 1988 | North America - USA | The Daguerreian Society (3043 West Liberty Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15216-2460, USA - www.daguerre.org) is founded to promote the study of all aspects of Daguerreotypes. | 1988 | North America - USA | The Piss Christ photograph of Andres Serrano encourages Senator Jesse Helms (Republican, North Carolina) to argue against federal funding for the National Endowment for the Arts. | 1989 | Europe - Spain | Joan Fontcuberta and Pere Formiguera publish Fauna. | 1989 | Europe - Germany | Fall of the Berlin Wall (Germany) | 1990 | North America - USA | Allen Ginsberg publishes Allen Ginsberg Photographs. | 1990 | North America - USA | Adobe releases Photoshop 1.0 for Apple Macintosh computers. | 1990 | North America - USA | An exhibition of photographs by Robert Mapplethorpe at the Cincinnati Art Museum is closed down when the work is accused of being obscene. Although the Museum is cleared there is a shift towards censorship in the arts. | 1991 | North America - USA | Lothar Baumgarten publishes Carbon. | 1991 | Africa - Northern Africa | Algerian Civil War | 1991 | Europe | Balkan Wars | 1991 | Middle East | First Gulf War | 1992 | North America - USA | Tim Berners-Lee develops the HTML protocol for exchanging information over the WWW. | 1992 | North America - USA | Kodak releases the Photo-CD, it is the first popular method of storing digital images that is available to the public. | 1992 | North America - USA | The JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group) image compression standard for digital images is published in IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics. As it is non-proprietary and has a high compression rate it becomes the preferred means for transmitting photographic images over the Internet. | 1993 | North America - USA | The play Angels in America by Tony Kushner is shown on Broadway. | 1993 | North America - USA | The first browser for WWW HTML pages is released by NCSA. | 1994 | North America - Mexico | The Zapatista Army of National Liberation (EZLN) fights for the rights of indigenous peoples in the Chiapas region of Mexico. | 1994 | Europe - Germany | Christian Boltanski publishes Menschlich. | 1994 | North America - USA | Time magazine is critised for placing a digitally altered photograph of O.J. Simpson on the front cover. | 1994 | North America - USA | Jock Sturges publishes nude photographs of children in his book Radiant Identities (Aperture) - the book creates considerable controversy with opinions divided between those arguing for freedom of expression whilst others argue that it is child pornography. | 1995 | Europe | Massacre of Muslims at Srebrenica in the Balkans by Bosnian Serbs | 1995 | North America - USA | Richard Prince publishes Adult Comedy Action Drama. | 1995 | Asia | Chechen War | 1996 | North America - USA | David LaChapelle publishes LaChapelle Land. | 1996 | North America - USA | Microsoft releases the first version of its Internet Explorer WWW browser. | 1997 | Europe - Great Britain | The Sensation exhibition at the Royal Academy in London. | 1998 | North America - USA | American politics are thrown into upheaval by the Clinton White House sex scandal. | 2000 | Middle East | Second Intifada (Israel and the Occupied territories) | 2000 | Europe - Finland | The Finnish Museum of Photography opens in Helsinki. | 2000 | Europe - Denmark | The National Museum of Photography opens in Copenhagen as a part of the Royal Library. | 2000 | Global | The first message is posted to the Yahoo! Groups PhotoHistory list by Larz F. Kremer and is a request on the restoration of Daguerreotypes. | 2001 | North America - USA Chief Photographer‘s Mate Eric J. Tilford, 2001, 17 September, Ground Zero, New York City, N.Y., Color, U.S. Navy, | Attack on the World Trade Center in New York and the Pentagon in Washington. | 2001 | North America - USA | Andrew Roth publishes The Book of 101 Books: Seminal Photographic Books of the Twentieth Century. This book is the first to examine in detail the photographic books that are such an essential part of photographic publishing. In itself it is designed to be a collectors item by having a special edition of 101 Deluxe copies and a further 500 Limited edition copies. | 2001 | Europe - France | The Photo Agency VII is founded by the photojournalists Alexandra Boulat, Ron Haviv, Gary Knight, Antonin Kratochvil, Christopher Morris, James Nachtwey and John Stanmeyer. Their intention being to document conflict - environmental, social and political, both violent and non-violent - to produce an unflinching record of the injustices created and experienced by people caught up in the events they describe. | 2003 | Middle East Unidentified photographer / artist, n.d., Dover Airforce Base - Returning American casualities from the Second Gulf War, Digital photograph, U.S. Army, | Second Gulf War | 2003 | Global | The complete human genome is published by the The Human Genome Project (HGP); it is the culmination of the 13-year project. | 2003 | Global 2003, 8 May, Earth, Moon, and Jupiter, as Seen From Mars, Mars Global Surveyor, Mars Orbiter Camera, Malin Space Science Systems, | The camera aboard NASA's Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) spacecraft orbiting Mars takes the first photograph of Earth, the moon and Jupiter as seen from another planet. | 2003 | Europe - UK | A daguerreotype taken in 1842 of the Athenian Temple on the Acropolis in Greece by Joseph-Philibert Girault de Prangey sells for $922,488 at Christie's in London setting a world record for a photograph. | 2003 | Global | A quarter-plate daguerreotype from Mike Robinson and Spring Hurlbut's recent series The Visitation is awarded a second prize in the 2003 Photo Review International Competition. This is probably the first Daguerreotype to win a prize for well over one hundred years and is indicative of the increasing interest in alternative processes. | 2004 | Asia | Southeast Asian tsunami | 2004 | North America - USA Edward S. Curtis, 1905, Oasis in the Badlands, Orotone, Galerie Sonia Zannettacci, | A complete bound set of The North American Indian including all of the text volumes and all of the photogravure portfolios by Edward Curtis sells for $1,416,000 with the buyer's premium included. This is the most expensive single auction lot for a photographic work up to that date. | 2005 | North America - USA | Hurricane Katrina hits the Gulf Coast of the USA flooding New Orleans | 2005 | North America - USA | A 1989 photograph of the Marborough cowboy by Richard Prince is sold in a Contemporary Art auction at Christie's in New York for $1,248,000 creating a new world record for a photograph. | 2005 | Global | Luminous-Lint website is announced by Alan Griffiths on the Yahoo PhotoHistory list (message #6471). Carl Mautz had posted the first notice about the existence of Luminous-Lint on Dec 6th on the same list (message #6457). | 2006 | North America - USA Edward Steichen, 2004, 16 March (date of issue), Stamp honoring Luxembourg natives who emigrated to the United States. A 2-stamp set. One of the stamps shows portrait of Edward Steichen (1879-1973), photographer and painter., Postage stamp, Private collection of Krzysztof Slowinski, | A 1904 photograph of The Pond-Moonlight taken in Long Island by Edward Steichen sells at Sotheby's in New York for $2,928,000 including the buyers premium. At the same sale a photograph of the hands of Georgia O'Keeffe taken by Alfred Stieglitz sells for $1,472,000 and a nude portrait of her, also by Stieglitz, for $1,360,000. The images were part of the Gilman Paper Co. collection acquired by the Metropolitan Museum of Art but they already had duplicates and so they were put up for sale. | 2006 | North America - USA | The largest photograph (negative) ever made was created using an aircraft hanger as a vast pinhole camera at the El Toro Marine Base, Orange County, California. At 11 o'clock the 110‘ long canvas was exposed for 35 minutes. (The Legacy Project) | 2007 | Europe - UK | The "99-Cent II" photograph by Andreas Gursky breaks the auction record for a photograph by selling for 1,700,000 British pounds ($3,346,456) at Sotheby's London February 7th Contemporary Art Evening Sale. | 2007 | North America - USA Keld Helmer-Petersen, 1948, Book cover for Keld Helmer-Petersen "122 Colour Photographs" (Copenhagen: Schoenberg, 1948), Book cover, Christie's - New York, | Martin Parr curates the exhibition "Colour before Color" at the Hasted Hunt Gallery in New York. By selecting six European photographers he shows that colour photography was being used effectively prior to the ground breaking 1976 exhibition of the color photography by William Eggleston at MoMA curated by John Szarkowski. Martin Parr selects work by:
Luigi Ghirri (Italian, 1943–1992) Keld Helmer-Petersen (Danish, 1920-2013) John Hinde (British, studio with Edmund Nägele, Elmar Ludwig, David Noble) Peter Mitchell (British) Carlos Pérez Siquier (Spanish, b. 1930) Ed van der Elsken (Dutch, 1925-1990) |