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| 1. |  | Louis Jacques Mandé Daguerre n.d. Portrait of Louis Jacques Mandé Daguerre Photograph, hand-coloured Archives of Modern Conflict OR National Gallery of Canada |
| 2. |  | Louis Jacques Mandé Daguerre n.d. Portrait of Louis Jacques Mandé Daguerre Photograph, hand-coloured Archives of Modern Conflict OR National Gallery of Canada |
| 3. |  | Louis Jacques Mandé Daguerre 1880s (ca) American cigarette card from the Lone Jack Cigarette Co, Lynchburg, VA, USA Cigarette card Archives of Modern Conflict OR National Gallery of Canada |
| 4. |  | Charles Richard Meade 1848 (original Daguerreotype) 1860s (ca) Daguerre [Louis Jacques Mandé Daguerre] Cabinet card Private collection of Noel Chanan The book by James D. Horan "Mathew Brady, Historian with a Camera", (New York, Bonanza Books, 1955) it explains that Brady made copies of this photograph from an original daguerreotype by Charle R. Meade of New York City. It also provides the story behind how this image was taken. |
| 5. |  | Louis Jacques Mandé Daguerre n.d. Daguerre Lithograph Archives of Modern Conflict OR National Gallery of Canada |
| 6. |  | Louis Jacques Mandé Daguerre n.d. Daguerre [Detail from lithograph] Lithograph Archives of Modern Conflict OR National Gallery of Canada His heavily pockmarked face may have been is one of the reasons he didn't like having his photograph taken. |
| 7. |  | Antoine Claudet 1852 M. Arago Wood engraving Private collection of Noel Chanan This wood engraving published in the Illustrated London News is based on an original Daguerreotype by Antoine Claudet. |
| 8. |  | John Moffat n.d. Henry Fox Talbot Carte de visite National Gallery of Canada / Musée des beaux-arts du Canada © By kind permission of the Talbot Trust and the National Trust Fox Talbot Museum, Lacock, United Kingdom |
| 9. |  | Henry Fox Talbot 1842 Portrait of Talbot's assistant Nicolaas Henneman Calotype negative Rijksmuseum Copyright © Rijksmuseum Amsterdam (RP-F-AA3369) |
| 10. |  | Sarony n.d. Samuel Morse Carte de visite Jeffrey Kraus Antique Photographics Courtesy of Jeffrey Kraus |
| 11. |  | Mathew Brady's Studio 1845 (ca) [Samuel F. B. Morse, head-and-shoulders portrait, facing right]. Daguerreotype, 1/6 plate Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division DAG no. 1278 / cph 3g12153 |
| 12. |  | Unidentified photographer / artist n.d. Prof. Morse Carte de visite Archives of Modern Conflict OR National Gallery of Canada |
| 13. |  | Jeremiah Gurney n.d. Professor Morse Stereocard Jefferson Stereoptics Courtesy of John Saddy (Auction, Oct 15, 2008 # 8-03, Lot 106) |
| 14. |  | Jeremiah Gurney n.d. Professor Morse Stereocard, detail Jefferson Stereoptics Courtesy of John Saddy (Auction, Oct 15, 2008 # 8-03, Lot 106) |
| 15. |  | Hippolyte Bayard 1840 Self-Portrait as a Drowned Man Direct positive on paper Société Française de Photographie |
| 16. |  | John Moffat 1864 (?) Sir David Brewster Carte de visite Private collection of Noel Chanan The dating is not certain. |
| 17. |  | Maull & Polyblank 1850s (late) Peter Mark Roget Albumen print Private collection of Noel Chanan Peter Mark Roget FRS (January 18, 1779 - September 12, 1869) was a British physician, natural theologian and lexicographer. He is best known for publishing, in 1852, the Thesaurus of English Words and Phrases (Roget's Thesaurus), a classified collection of related words. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Mark_Roget, accessed: 7th Sept 2009) |
| 18. |  | André Adolphe-Eugène Disdéri 1860 Disdéri Carte de visite Paul Frecker A caricature of Disdéri by Van den Acker, a version of which appeared in the Journal amusant on 11 August 1860. Ridiculed by some for his prominent beard, his bald head and the exotic tunic he donned when operating, the flip side of his showmanship was a reputation among his critics as an egotist and a dandified poseur. The caption, Ne Bougeons plus !!!, a phrase coined by Disdéri, may be translated as "Hold it !!!" |
| 19. |  | André Adolphe-Eugène Disdéri 1858-1862 Disdéri self-portrait Carte de visite Paul Frecker |
| 20. |  | André Adolphe-Eugène Disdéri 1858-1862 Disdéri self-portrait Carte de visite Paul Frecker The probable inventor of the carte-de-visite, Disdéri received a patent for the process from the French government on 27 November 1854, and was certainly responsible for popularising the craze. Remembered for having been the first to establish photography as a business as well as an artistic craft, his contemporaries considered him the outstanding portrait photographer in France. Although at the height of his career he was reputed to be earning a phenomenal 48,000 a year, in January 1872 he filed for bankruptcy. He subsequently found new backers and re-established a studio, at first in Paris and then at various addresses in Nice during the 1880's. For some reason, around 1888 or 1889, he left the agreeable climate of Nice and returned to Paris. He died on 4 October 1889 at the age of seventy, in the Hôpital l Sainte-Anne, an institution for indigents, alcoholics and the mentally ill. |
| 21. |  | André Adolphe-Eugène Disdéri 1860-1870 Disdéri Carte de visite Archives of Modern Conflict OR National Gallery of Canada Andre Adolphe Eugene Disdéri (1819 - 1889) patented a multi-tube camera in France on 27 November 1854 and this permitted the inexpensive taking of multiple portraits at a single sitting. This invention was the basis for the carte de visite that became a photographic craze from the 1850s onward. |
| 22. |  | Honoré Daumier 1862, 25 May Nadar Elevating Photography to the Hieght of Art [Nadar elevant la Photographie a la hauteur de l'Art] Lithograph George Eastman Museum Courtesy of George Eastman House, Gift of Eastman Kodak Company: ex-collection Gabriel Cromer (GEH NEG: 20032) |
| 23. |  | Unidentified photographer n.d. Nadar Photograph 14.2 x 9.5 cm Source requested |
| 24. |  | Nadar n.d. Nadar Carte de visite Archives of Modern Conflict OR National Gallery of Canada |
| 25. |  | William Vick 1881 (taken) 1950s (print) Eadweard Muybridge Gelatin silver print Carl Mautz Vintage Photographs Printed by Wyland Stanley. |
| 26. |  | Antoine Claudet 1850s (ca) Portrait of Michael Faraday Carte de visite Private collection of Noel Chanan |
| 27. |  | Unidentified photographer 1850 (ca) Portrait of a scientist Daguerreotype, 1/6 plate Archives of Modern Conflict OR National Gallery of Canada Well dressed young man with chemical bottle, scales, funnel, mortar and pestle and other items on table. The intensity of his stare epitomizes his youthful thirst for scientific knowledge. (Matt Isenburg) |
| 28. |  | Unidentified photographer 1847 (ca) Portrait of a scientist Daguerreotype, 1/6 plate Archives of Modern Conflict OR National Gallery of Canada Well dressed gentleman pouring chemical from bottle into measuring vial. He is doing this over an open book. He is telling us that he is knowledgeable in the physical sciences. (Matt Isenburg) |
| 29. |  | C. Laguiche 1795 (ca) Joseph Nicéphore Niépce Ink and watercolor 18.5 cm in diameter Harry Ransom Humanities Research Center at the University of Texas at Austin HRC (964:0000:0001) |
| 30. |  | Antoine Claudet 1853 Self-Portrait with His Son Francis Daguerreotype, stereo, two 1/6 plates 2 11/16 x 2 1/4 in J. Paul Getty Museum The J. Paul Getty Trust (84.XT.266.10) |
| 31. |  | Walery n.d. Joseph Norman Lockyer F.R.S. (1836-1920), astronomer and solar physicist. Woodburytype 9.8 x 7.1 in (248 mm x 182 mm) Paul Frecker Paul Frecker provides the following comments: "Born in Rugby on 17 May 1836, Lockyer started working as a civil servant and pursued his interest in astronomy on an amateur basis. Elected a Fellow of the Royal Society on 14 March 1862, his rising reputation as a solar physicist led to his appointment in 1885 as Director of the Solar Physics Observatory in South Kensington. Lockyer made numerous major contributions to the rising field of spectroscopy. In 1868 he fitted a spectrograph on a telescope in a way that allowed him to study prominences and the outer solar atmosphere on a routine basis (as opposed to only at times of total eclipse). He coined the term 'chromosphere', still in use today, for the outer layers of the solar atmosphere. In France, Jules Janssen was simultaneously and independently proceeding along very similar lines and coming to similar conclusions. The following year, and this time working in collaboration with Janssen, Lockyer identified a chromospheric spectral line of a hitherto unknown chemical element, which he named 'helium.' Helium was finally isolated in the laboratory in 1895 by William Ramsay, following which Lockyer was knighted. In 1869 Lockyer founded the journal Nature and remained its editor for fifty years. It is to this day one of the leading general scientific journals. In the early 1890's Lockyer became interested in possible astronomical alignments of ancient Greek and Egyptian monuments and temples, and in 1901 he extended his studies to Stonehenge. Once approximate alignment of a given monument had been identified, he had the interesting idea to date the monument by assuming exact alignment at time of construction and interpreting the difference in terms of the precession of the Earth's orbital axis. His derived age of 1848 BC for the construction of Stonehenge was spectacularly confirmed much later, in 1952, by radiocarbon dating. Although many of Lockyer's hypotheses and conclusions were not universally well received and often did not survive the test of time, he is to be credited with founding the field of Archeoastronomy. He died on 16 August 1920 in Salcombe Regis, Devon." Photographed by the society photographer Stanilaus Walery of 164, Regent Street, London, and published in 1888 as part of a series entitled Men and Women of the Day. Walery practised in Paris before moving to London to open a studio in Conduit Street in May 1883. He operated from this Regent Street address between 1887 and 1890. |
| 32. |  | Unidentified photographer / artist 1860s J.A. Whipple Carte de visite, albumen print Private collection of Larry West Courtesy of Larry J. West, © West Companies, Inc., 2005. [From the book: Tokens of Affection and Regard] |
| 33. |  | Maull & Polyblank n.d. Scottish Physicist, Sir David Brewster (1781-1868), inventor of the refracting stereoscope and the Kaleidoscope. He is also credited with inventing the first twin lens stereoscopic camera. Carte de visite Stereographica - Antique Photographica Courtesy of Bryan and Page Ginns (#20 / 174) |
| 34. |  | N. Charmantray (Rouen) 1890s A French scientist surrounded by bones Albumen print 6.9 x 8.8 in (177 mm x 223 mm) Paul Frecker An albumen print showing a Frenchman surrounded by skulls, bones and books. The photographer is identified by his blindstamp in the bottom right-hand corner. Charmantray is listed at 15, rue Lafayette in Rouen (Seine-Maritime) during the 1890's. |
| 35. |  | Unidentified photographer n.d. Charles Darwin Albumen print Larry Gottheim, Be-hold, Inc Courtesy of Larry Gottheim - Be-Hold (47 / 150) From a series of unmounted cabinet card size albumen prints from the Esther Willard Bates album. |
| 36. |  | Unidentified photographer / artist 1876-1883 Charles Darwin [Men of Mark] Woodburytype Dominic Winter Book Auctions Auction Sale: Sept 3, 2008 - Lot: 102 |
| 37. |  | Samuel Montague Fassett (S.M. Fassett, Artist, 122 & 124 Clark St., Chicago, Ill.) 1862 Robert Kennicott, Naturalist Carte de visite Wisconsin Historical Society Increase Allen Lapham: Papers, 1825-1930, carte-de-visite collection, WHS Image id: WHi-47793 Carte-de-visite of Robert Kennicott (1835-1866), American Naturalist. After 1853 he worked for Spencer Fullerton Baird at the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C., and was a prominent member of their Megatherium Club. In 1865, Kennicott worked for the the Western Union Telegraph Expedition, attempting to find a possible route for a telegraph from the United States to Russia. Shown here in costume, possibly from an expedition to northern Canada. Handwritten inscription at the bottom reads, "Bob Kennicott." © Wisconsin Historical Society |
| 38. |  | W.P. Egbert 1865 Charles Christopher Parry, Botanist Carte de visite Wisconsin Historical Society Increase Allen Lapham: Papers, 1825-1930, carte-de-visite collection, WHS Image id: WHi-46969 Carte-de-visite portrait of Charles C. Parry (1823-1890), American Botanist. Parry is most famous for his botanical research in the southern Rocky Mountains of Colorado. A self-described "exceptionally unselfish and kind," man, Parry never published a book and catered more to the public at large than the scientific community, focusing on newly-discovered plants that he found to have ornamental value. Shown here standing in a full-length portrait, carrying a tube-shaped container. Handwritten inscription at the bottom reads, "C.C. Parry, 1865." © Wisconsin Historical Society W.P. Egbert (No. 45 Brady Street, Davenport, Iowa) |
| 39. |  | Unidentified photographer / artist 1865 Professor Pierre Jean Edouard Desor, Geologist Carte de visite Wisconsin Historical Society Increase Allen Lapham: Papers, 1825-1930, carte-de-visite collection, WHS Image id: WHi-45407 Carte-de-visite portrait of Edouard Desor (1811-1882), Swiss geologist and professor at Neuchâtel academy. He chiefly studied the structure of glaciers and Jurassic Echinoderms. Handwritten text at the bottom of image reads, "E. DeSor, Neuchâtel." © Wisconsin Historical Society |
| 40. |  | Henry Ulke 1867 Spencer Fullerton Baird, Ornithologist and Ichthylogist Carte de visite Wisconsin Historical Society Increase Allen Lapham: Papers, 1825-1930, carte-de-visite collection, WHS Image id: WHi-47666 Henry Ulke (278 Pennslyvania Avenue, Washington D.C., 1865) Carte-de-visite portrait of Spencer Fullerton Baird (1823-1887), American ornithologist and ichthylogist. In 1838, Baird met John James Audubon, after which he turned his studies toward ornithology. Baird became a professor of Natural History at Dickinson College in 1845. From 1850 until 1878 he was assistant-secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. From 1871 until his death he served as the U.S. Commissioner of Fish and Fisheries. Handwritten inscription on bottom of card reads, "S.F. Baird, U.S. Fish Commissioner, 1867." © Wisconsin Historical Society |
| 41. |  | Henry Ulke 1868 Fielding B. Meek, Paleontologist Carte de visite Wisconsin Historical Society Increase Allen Lapham: Papers, 1825-1930, carte-de-visite collection, WHS Image id: WHi-44756 Henry Ulke (278 Pennslyvania Avenue, Washington D.C., 1865) Carte-de-visite portrait of Fielding B. Meek (1817-1876), American paleontologist. Meek became the Smithsonian Institution's first full-time paleontologist in 1858. Died of tuberculosis December 21, 1876. Shown here sitting in three-quarter profile, wearing a top hat. Handwritten inscription at bottom reads, "F.B.Meek 1868." © Wisconsin Historical Society |
| 42. |  | D.W. Bowdoin 1869 John Lewis Russell, Botanist Carte de visite Wisconsin Historical Society Increase Allen Lapham: Papers, 1825-1930, carte-de-visite collection, WHS Image id: WHi-47098 D.W. Bowdoin (Downing Block, Salem) Carte-de-visite portrait of John L. Russell (1808-1873), Botanist. From 1831-1854, Russell served as a Unitarian minister in a number of cities. Served as Professor of Botany and Horticultural Physiology at the Massachusetts Horticultural Society starting in 1833 until his death. He was especially interested in cryptogams, particularly lichens. Shown here in seated three-quarter profile. Handwritten inscription at the bottom reads, "John L. Russell, 1869." © Wisconsin Historical Society |
| 43. |  | Elliott & Fry 1869 (ca) Sir Charles Lyell, Geologist Carte de visite Wisconsin Historical Society Increase Allen Lapham: Papers, 1825-1930, carte-de-visite collection, WHS Image id: WHi-45315 Elliott & Fry (55 Baker Street, Portman Square) Carte-de-visite portrait of Sir Charles Lyell (1897-1875), Scottish lawyer, geologist, and advocate of uniformitarianism. Handwritten text at the bottom of the image reads, "Sir Chas Lyell, 1869." © Wisconsin Historical Society |
| 44. |  | Elliott & Fry 1874 (ca) Thomas H. Huxley, Biologist Carte de visite Wisconsin Historical Society Increase Allen Lapham: Papers, 1825-1930, carte-de-visite collection, WHS Image id: WHi-45423 Elliott & Fry (55 Baker Street, Portman Square) Carte-de-visite portrait of Thomas H. Huxley, an English biologist, known as "Darwin's Bulldog." He also coined the term "agnosticism" to describe his religious beliefs. Handwritten text at the bottom of the image reads,"Huxley." © Wisconsin Historical Society |
| 45. |  | Unidentified photographer / artist 1902 (ca) The Late Major J.W. Powell Carte de visite Wisconsin Historical Society Increase Allen Lapham: Papers, 1825-1930, carte-de-visite collection, WHS Image id: WHi-47856 Portrait, with accompanying obituary entry, of Major John Wesley Powell (1834-1902), American soldier, explorer, and geologist. Best known for the Powell Geographic Expedition in 1869, an exploration of the Green and Colorado rivers that marked the first passage through the Grand Canyon. © Wisconsin Historical Society |
| 46. |  | A. Sonrel (46 School Street, Boston) 1864 (ca) Jean Louis Rodolphe Agassiz, Geologist Carte de visite Wisconsin Historical Society Increase Allen Lapham: Papers, 1825-1930, carte-de-visite collection, WHS Image id: WHi-44730 Carte-de-visite portrait of Jean Louis Rodolphe Agassiz (1807-1873), Swiss-born American zoologist, geologist and glaciologist. Founded the Museum of Comparative Zoology in 1860. Founding member of the National Academy of Sciences in 1863. Agassiz is shown sitting in three-quarter profile. Handwritten inscription at bottom reads, "Agassiz 1864." August Sonrel, to whom this credit refers, was a gifted 19th Century lithographer whom Agassiz had hired a number of years earlier to make images for a monograph on American fish. © Wisconsin Historical Society |
| 47. |  | H.S. Brown 1860s (ca) Portrait of Agassiz and Agassiz Carte de visite Wisconsin Historical Society Increase Allen Lapham: Papers, 1825-1930, carte-de-visite collection, WHS Image id: WHi-47318 H.S. Brown (Photographer, 201 E. Water St., Milwaukee, Wis.) Carte-de-visite photomontage double portrait of geologist and zoologist, Jean Louis Rudolphe Agassiz (1807-1873). Founded the Museum of Comparative Zoology in 1860. Founding member of the National Academy of Sciences in 1863. Shown simultanaeously sitting and writing at a table. Handwritten inscription at the bottom reads, "Agassiz and Agassiz." Other inscriptions on the back include, "Taken some time in the sixties," "Prof Louis Agassiz + John Y. Scammon," and then later, "No, both are Agassiz." © Wisconsin Historical Society |
| 48. |  | Gabriel Lippmann n.d. Autoportrait Color glass plate (Lippmann process) Musée de l'Elysée © Gabriel Lippmann The Musée de l'Elysée gives the date of this image as around 1892 but William R. Alschuler (pers. comm. 30 December 2009) pointed out that this image shows Lippmann when he was sick and elderly and he died in 1921. Based on this the date is most likely 1918-1921. |
| 49. |  | Lumière Brothers 1935, 9 November M. Louis Lumiere in 1907: photograph taken at the time he developed the Autochrome process [L'Illustration (No 4836, 93rd year), p.301] Magazine page, printed reproduction from an Autochrome glass plate - plaques Autochrome Private collection of Nadia Valla © L'Illustration 1895-1935, the 40st anniversary of the cinematograph: 14 pages of articles and documents on the LumiÞre brothers life and works and on the evolution of the cinema. The test tubes in the image hold the the dyes from which were chosen those used to color the starch grain filterlettes sprinkled on to a sticky varnish, and the carbon black powder used to fill in the gaps left after the grains were crushed flat in a rolling mill. [William R. Alschuler, pers. Comm. 30 Dec 2009] |
| 50. |  | France Lumière 1907 The Lumière brothers crocheting Autochrome 13 x 18 cm Private collection - Scheibli © Collection Scheibli Pam Roberts (7 March 2016) This photograph shows crocheting rather than knitting. |
| 51. |  | Fred Church 1890, February George Eastman on board S.S. Gallia Albumen print, Kodak #2 snapshot 9.1 cm (diameter) George Eastman Museum Courtesy of George Eastman House, Gift of Margaret Weston (GEH NEG:5253) For an analysis of this photograph: Juliet Hacking (ed.), 2012, Photography: The Whole Story, (Prestel), pp. 158-159 |
| 52. |  | Hermann Krone 1865 Portraits of scientists from Dresden Museum Ludwig |
| 53. |  | Unidentified photographer / artist 1932, 1 January Dr. Robert Goddard NASA NASA Center: Goddard Space Flight Center, Image: G-32-04 The Goddard Space Flight Center was named in honor of Dr. Robert Goddard, a pioneer in rocket development. Dr. Goddard received patents for a multi-stage rocket and liquid propellants in 1914 and published a paper describing how to reach extreme altitudes six years later. That paper, "A Method of Reaching Extreme Altitudes," detailed methods for raising weather-recording instruments higher than what could be achieved by balloons and explained the mathematical theories of rocket propulsion. The paper, which was published by the Smithsonian Institution, also discussed the possibility of a rocket reaching the moon-a position for which the press ridiculed Goddard. Yet several copies of the report found their way to Europe, and by1927, the German Rocket Society was established, and the German Army began its rocket program in 1931. Goddard, meanwhile, continued his work. By 1926, he had constructed and tested the first rocket using liquid fuel. Goddard's work largely anticipated in technical detail the later German V-2 missiles, including gyroscopic control, steering by means of vanes in the jet stream of the rocket motor, gimbal-steering, power-driven fuel pumps and other devices. |
| 54. |  | Yousuf Karsh 1950 Albert Einstein Gelatin silver print 8 x 10 Peter Fetterman Gallery Courtesy of the estate of Yousuf Karsh |
| 55. |  | Ruth Orkin n.d. Einstein Gelatin silver print 16 x 20 in Fay Gold Gallery |
| 56. |  | Unidentified photographer 1880 (ca) Chemist Albumen print Private collection of Steven Evans Courtesy of Stephen Evans Vintage Photography (www.se-photo.com, #500) |