Gemma Frisius, 1545 (published), A drawing by Gemma Frisius showing how he used a pinhole within a darkened room to study the solar eclipse of 1544, Engraving, Private collection, LL/31674

Brook Taylor (based on work by), 16th century, Leonardo da Vinci in the 16th century gave a description of the camera obscura, Drawing, Private collection, LL/31675

Unidentified artist, n.d., [A camera obscura in use possibly showing the work of Ibn al-Haytham], Illustration, Internet - Original source ill-defined, LL/54322

Athanasius Kircher, 1646, Chambre Obscure, Engraving, Private collection of Jan Weijers (Servatius), LL/45243

Unidentified photographer, 1694, Portable Camera Obscura, Engraving, Museum of the History of Science, LL/39616

Unidentified photographer / artist, 1751-1772, Camera obscura, [l'Encyclopédie, ou Dictionnaire Raisonné des Sciences, des Arts et des Métiers de Diderot et d'Alembert.], Engraving, Private collection of Alan Griffiths, LL/8023

Unidentified photographer / artist, 1751 -1772, Camera obscura, [l'Encyclopédie, ou Dictionnaire Raisonné des Sciences, des Arts et des Métiers de Diderot et d'Alembert.], Engraving, Private collection, LL/31671

Unidentified photographer / artist, 1751 -1772, Camera obscura, [l'Encyclopédie, ou Dictionnaire Raisonné des Sciences, des Arts et des Métiers de Diderot et d'Alembert.], Engraving, Private collection, LL/31672

Unidentified photographer / artist, 1769, May, The Method of drawing Landscapes, &c. by help of a Camera Obscura, Magazine page, Google Books, LL/34610

Benard Direxit (engraver), 1751-1772, Camera obscura, [l'Encyclopédie, ou Dictionnaire Raisonné des Sciences, des Arts et des Métiers de Diderot et d'Alembert.], Engraving, Private collection of Alan Griffiths, LL/8024

Unidentified photographer / artist, 1786, Camera Obscura - Plate 3, Fig 3 from A. Rees Cyclopoedia, Universal Dictionary of Arts and Sciences (1786), Engraving, Private collection, LL/31673

Abbé Nollet, 1733, Chambre Noire, Engraving, Private collection of Jan Weijers (Servatius), LL/45240

1869, June, The Dark Chamber, Magazine illustration, Google Books, LL/34785

Unidentified photographer / artist, 17th century, Illustration of camera obscura from "Sketchbook on military art, including geometry, fortifications, artillery, mechanics, and pyrotechnics", Illustration, Private collection, LL/31738

Ger. Vandergucbt (engraver), 1784, [Medical illustrator using a camera obscura], Engraving, Google Books, LL/50773

J. Ouartley, 1825 (ca), A drawing tent in the landscape with a lens on the top, Book illustration, Private collection of Jack and Beverly Wilgus, LL/31676

Unidentified photographer / artist, n.d., Mirror for a camera obscura, Private collection, LL/31677

G.W. Crompton, 1886-1896 (ca), Printed Advertisement for Camera Obscura, Southport, Advert, Museum of the History of Science, LL/39617

1846, Making the Most of It, Magazine illustration, Google Books, LL/34740

Unidentified artist, 1875, Artist using a box camera obscura, Book illustration, Private collection of Jack and Beverly Wilgus, LL/31668

Unidentified photographer / artist, 1685, Johann Zahn, Reflex box camera obscura, 1685, Engraving, Private collection, LL/31667

Unidentified photographer / artist, Early 19th century, Mahogany sliding box camera obscura, Colour image, Private collection of Jack and Beverly Wilgus, LL/31670

Unidentified photographer / artist, 1860-1870s (ca), American diminutive Camera Obscura, Camera obscura, Stereographica - Antique Photographica, LL/32925

Unidentified photographer / artist, 1860-1870s (ca), American diminutive Camera Obscura, Camera obscura, Stereographica - Antique Photographica, LL/32926

Unidentified photographer / artist, n.d., Modern English replica of an 1800 portable Camera Obscura. It has a sliding box in box type focusing method., Stereographica - Antique Photographica, LL/11948

Unidentified photographer / artist, 19th century, French 19th century tin camera obscura, Private collection of Jack and Beverly Wilgus, LL/31669

1911 (ca), Folder Spiel und Arbeit (Play and Work), Folder cover, Private collection of Jack and Beverly Wilgus, LL/31680

n.d., 19th century German magazine showing children using a camera obscura, Folder cover, Private collection of Jack and Beverly Wilgus, LL/31681

Unidentified photographer (Committee on Public Information), 1918, 15 September, The interior of a camera obscura tent used in bomber practice, Gelatin silver print, Private collection of Jack and Beverly Wilgus, LL/31682

Unidentified photographer / artist, 19th century (late), Camera Obscura on the Jetty, Margate, Private collection of Jack and Beverly Wilgus, LL/31685

Unidentified photographer, 1870s (ca), The Camera Obscura, Central Park, New York City, [American Scenery], Stereocard, Private collection of Jack and Beverly Wilgus, LL/31686

Unidentified photographer / artist, n.d., Famous Camera Obscura, Santa Monica, Calif., Picture postcard, Private collection, LL/31666

Unidentified photographer / artist, 1950 (built), Camera Obscura building, San Francisco, CA, built in 1950, Private collection of Jack and Beverly Wilgus, LL/31683

Unidentified photographer / artist, 1836 (built), Dumfries Camera Obscura, Scotland, built in 1836, Private collection of Jack and Beverly Wilgus, LL/31684

Stephen Berkman, 2008 (or before), A camera lucida in use, Illustration, Provided by the artist - Stephen Berkman, LL/42679

Abelardo Morell, 1996, Camera Obscura Image of Manhattan View Looking South in Large Room, Gelatin silver print, Bonni Benrubi Gallery, LL/33400

Abelardo Morell, 1997, Camera Obscura Image of the Grand Tetons in Resort Room, Jackson Hole, Wyoming, Source requested, LL/19438

Gilles-Louis Chrétien, 1792, Physionotrace machine, Engraving, Private collection of Jan Weijers (Servatius), LL/45242

Gilles-Louis Chrétien, 1792, Physionotrace Machine, Drawing, Private collection of Jack and Beverly Wilgus, LL/44215

Unknown artist, 18th century, Portrait of a unidentified man - Bernbault (?), Physionotrace, Musée français de la Photographie, LL/42461

Unidentified photographer / artist, 1793, Physionotrace des. par Fouquet et gr. par Chrétien, Physionotrace, Creative Commons - Wikipedia, LL/33067

Gabriel Cromer (author), 1928 (published), Three examples of physionotrace portraits, Book page, Musée français de la Photographie, LL/42463

Gilles-Louis Chrétien, 1793, Portrait of a woman wearing a hat, Physionotrace, George Eastman Museum, LL/42460

St. Memin, 1797-1798, Portrait of a Man: Charles Balthazar Julien Févret de Saint-Mémin (1770-1852), Conté crayon, charcoal (?), graphite and white-chalk heightening on off-white laid paper coated with gouache, Metropolitan Museum of Art, LL/16998

Unidentified artist, 1795-1798 (ca), Portrait of Pierre-François Percy (1754-1825), Physionotrace etching, ink on paper; circular frame of copper alloy and colored paper, Metropolitan Museum of Art, LL/16999

Edme Quenedey (engraver), 1787, 4 January, Physionotrace de Louis-Bernard Guyton-Morveau, Physionotrace, Source requested, LL/42458

Edme Quenedey (engraver), 1801 (ca), Physionotrace portrait of Lady Mount Cashell, Physionotrace, engraving finished with etching and aquatint, NYPL - New York Public Library, LL/42457

Queneday (Paris), 1808, Portrait of the composer A. Gretry, Engraving, Physionotrace, Stockholms Auktionsverk, LL/43499

Queneday (Paris), 1808, Portrait of the composer A. Gretry, Engraving, Physionotrace, Stockholms Auktionsverk, LL/43500

Queneday (Paris), 1811, Portrait of the opera-singer C.(ristoffer) Karsten, Engraving, Physionotrace, Stockholms Auktionsverk, LL/43501

Queneday (Paris), 1811, Portrait of the opera-singer C.(ristoffer) Karsten, Engraving, Physionotrace, Stockholms Auktionsverk, LL/43502

Mark Osterman, 2000-2001, Roger Watson, Physiognotrace, Provided by the artist - Mark Osterman, LL/42731

Lavatar, 1790s, Silhouette machine, Engraving, Private collection of Jan Weijers (Servatius), LL/45244

Unknown artist, 1810 (ca), Silhouette of child, Silhouette, National Science and Media Museum, LL/42464

Unknown artist, 18th century, Silhouette portrait of an aristocrat, Silhouette, with the aid of Physionotrace, Musée français de la Photographie, LL/42462

Unidentified photographer, n.d., Silhouette en noir d'un abbé, Daguerreotype, 1/6 plate, Interencheres - La Gallerie de Chartes, LL/44269

Unidentified photographer / artist, 1807, LVIII. Description of the Camera Lucida. By William H. Wollaston, Sec. R.S., Magazine page, Google Books, LL/34609

Unidentified photographer / artist, 1835, 22 August, Camera Lucida, Magazine page, Google Books, LL/34608

Unidentified photographer / artist, 1852, Optics of Wollaston camera lucida, Engraving, Creative Commons - Wikipedia, LL/33060

Chevalier, 1830 (ca), Chambre Claire, Engraving, Private collection of Jan Weijers (Servatius), LL/45241

Unidentified photographer / artist, 1807, A camera lucida in use, Engraving, George Eastman Museum, LL/33061

Unknown maker, 1840s (manufactured), British camera lucida, Instrument, Archive Farms, LL/38894

Dollond (London, manufacturer), 1900 (before), Camera lucida, Colour image, Classic Photographics, LL/44221

Unidentified photographer / artist, 1837, Camera Lucida, by William Simms, London, Colour image, Museum of the History of Science, LL/39614

Unidentified photographer / artist, n.d., Camera Lucida, by Elliott Brothers, London, Colour image, Museum of the History of Science, LL/39615

Captain Basil Hall, R.N., 1829, Book cover for Captain Basil Hall "Forty Etchings From Sketches Made With The Camera Lucida, in North America, in 1827 and 1828" (Edinburgh: Cadell & Co., London: Simpkin & Marshall, and Moon, Boys, & Graves, 1829), Book cover, Archive Farms, LL/38893

Henry Fox Talbot, 1833, 5 October, Sketch of Lake Como, Drawing, made with a camera lucida, National Science and Media Museum, LL/42983

Henry Fox Talbot, 1833, 6 October, View towards Lecco, Drawing, made with a camera lucida, National Science and Media Museum, LL/42984

Unidentified photographer / artist, n.d., Perspective: A very curious Method of drawing all Perfpectives in the moft natural Manner, without obferving the Rules, Book page, Private collection, LL/31678

Unidentified photographer / artist, n.d., Perspective: A very curious Method of drawing all Perfpectives in the moft natural Manner, without obferving the Rules, Book page, Private collection, LL/31679

Père Jean Dubreuil, 1642, [Drawing aids?], Engraving, Private collection of Jan Weijers (Servatius), LL/45245

Unidentified photographer / artist, 1753, April, Machine for Perspectives, Magazine page, Google Books, LL/34611

Unidentified photographer / artist, 1753, April, Machine for Perspectives, Magazine page, Google Books, LL/34612

Unidentified photographer / artist, 1780-1800 (ca), French Boite d'Optique (Optical Box), Stereographica - Antique Photographica, LL/13138

Unidentified photographer / artist, 1780-1800 (ca), French Boite d'Optique (Optical Box), Stereographica - Antique Photographica, LL/13137

Unidentified photographer / artist, 1780-1800 (ca), French Boite d'Optique (Optical Box), Stereographica - Antique Photographica, LL/13136

Albrecht Dürer (1471-1528), 1535, [Drawing aids], Woodblock print, Private collection of Jan Weijers (Servatius), LL/45246

Albrecht Dürer (1471-1528), 1535, [Drawing aids], Woodblock print, Private collection of Jan Weijers (Servatius), LL/45247

Albrecht Dürer (1471-1528), 1535, [Drawing aids], Woodblock print, Private collection of Jan Weijers (Servatius), LL/45248

Albrecht Dürer (1471-1528), 1535, [Drawing aids], Woodblock print, Private collection of Jan Weijers (Servatius), LL/45249

Unidentified photographer / artist, 1751-1772, Pantograph, [l'Encyclopédie, ou Dictionnaire Raisonné des Sciences, des Arts et des Métiers de Diderot et d'Alembert.], Engraving, Private collection of Alan Griffiths, LL/8022

Unidentified Daguerreotypist, 1852 (or earlier), Notion Company's Works, California, Daguerreotype, Archives of Modern Conflict OR National Gallery of Canada, LL/47381

Unidentified artist, 1852, Notion Company's Works, California, Newspaper illustration, Archives of Modern Conflict OR National Gallery of Canada, LL/47382

Unidentified daguerreotypist / Unidentified artist, 1852 (or earlier), Notion Company's Works, California, Daguerreotype / newspaper illustration, Archives of Modern Conflict OR National Gallery of Canada, LL/47383

Unidentified photographer / artist, 1853, [Optical apparatus - unspecified], Book illustration, Google Books, LL/34650