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| 1. |  | W. & D. Downey n.d. Emperor Napoleon III of France (1808-1873) Carte de visite Stereographica - Antique Photographica Courtesy of Bryan and Page Ginns (#13 / 51) |
| 2. |  | Serge Levitsky 1860s (ca) Empress Eugenie of France Carte de visite Paul Frecker |
| 3. |  | George Washington Wilson 1863 Queen Victoria on 'Fyvie' with John Brown at Balmoral Carte de visite 9.20 x 6.10 cm National Galleries of Scotland Courtesy of the National Galleries of Scotland, Gift of Mrs. Riddell in memory of Peter Fletcher Riddell 1985 (PGP R 884) |
| 4. |  | J.E. Mayall n.d. The Queen and Prince Consort Carte de visite, albumen Charles Nes Photography LLC New York - Paris |
| 5. |  | J.E. Mayall n.d. H.R.H. the Prince Consort, Albert Carte de visite, albumen Charles Nes Photography LLC New York - Paris |
| 6. |  | J.E. Mayall n.d. H.R.H. the Prince Alfred Carte de visite, albumen Charles Nes Photography LLC New York - Paris |
| 7. |  | J.E. Mayall n.d. H.R.H. the Prince of Wales, Edward Carte de visite, albumen Charles Nes Photography LLC New York - Paris |
| 8. |  | J.E. Mayall n.d. The Prince of Wales & Princess Alice Albumen carte de visite Charles Nes Photography LLC New York - Paris |
| 9. |  | André Adolphe-Eugène Disdéri 1860-1870 Princess Beatrice Carte de visite Stereographica - Antique Photographica Courtesy of Bryan and Page Ginns (#14 / 170) Daughter of Queen Victoria and Albert, The Prince Consort. |
| 10. |  | J.E. Mayall n.d. Prince Alfred in naval uniform Carte de visite Stereographica - Antique Photographica Courtesy of Bryan and Page Ginns (#14 / 171) Son of Queen Victoria and Albert, The Prince Consort. |
| 11. |  | J.E. Mayall n.d. Prince Arthur Carte de visite, albumen Charles Nes Photography LLC New York - Paris |
| 12. |  | J.E. Mayall n.d. Princess Louisa Carte de visite, albumen Charles Nes Photography LLC New York - Paris |
| 13. |  | Southwell Brothers n.d. Princess Alexandra Carte de visite, hand-coloured Paul Frecker Photographed by the Southwell brothers of 16 and 22 Baker Street, London, identified recto in the lower margn and verso by their backplate. |
| 14. |  | J.E. Mayall 1861 (ca) Princess Alexandra Carte de visite, hand-coloured 4.1 x 2.5 ins Archive Farms Photographed by John Mayall 224, Regent Street, London. Princess Alexandra Denmark was the eldest daughter of King Christian IX of Denmark. She married Prince of Wales, King Edward VII, the eldest son of Queen Victoria. |
| 15. |  | W. & D. Downey 1868, September Princess Alexandra with her daughter, Princess Louise Carte de visite Paul Frecker Paul Frecker provides the following comments: "A carte-de-visite showing Princess Alexandra with her daughter, Princess Louise, born in 1867. Taken in September 1868, it was intended to show that the Princess had fully recovered from the bout of rheumatic fever which had struck her in the late winter / early spring of 1867. It proved to be the most popular carte-de-visite of its day. In 1885 Downey remembered that somewhere in the region of 300,000 copies had been sold, and it's not hard to see why. Compared to the stiffness and formality of most portraiture at this time, and Royal portraiture in particular, the freshness and spontaneity is like a splash of cold water!" |
| 16. |  | W. & D. Downey n.d. Princess Alice Carte de visite Paul Frecker Paul Frecker provides the following comments: "Princess Alice, seen here in riding habit, was the third child and second daughter of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert. In July 1862, a few months after the death of her father, she married Louis IV, Grand Duke of Hesse-Darmstadt. The bride wore a black trousseau and the marriage, the Queen herself said, was more like a funeral than a wedding. Though Lord Clarendon considered him 'a dull boy' coming from 'a dull family in a dull country', and the Duchess of Cambridge thought it 'an insignificant match', Alice was delighted with her partner. She died of diphtheria at the age of thirty-five on 14 December 1878, the seventeenth anniversary of her father's death, a loss which occasioned a letter from her elder sister to their mother of thirty-nine pages. Photographed by William and Daniel Downey of 4, Eldon Square, Newcastle." |
| 17. |  | Loescher & Petsch n.d. Wilhelm I - King of Prussia and German Emperor (Deutscher Kaiser) Carte de visite Stereographica - Antique Photographica Courtesy of Bryan and Page Ginns (#13 / 55) In 1871 he became Kaiser Wilhelm I the first Emperor of Germany. |
| 18. |  | Serge Levitsky 1870 (ca) Grand Duchess Olga Nikolaevna, Queen of Württemberg Carte de visite Private collection of Oksana Zussman Purchased from Paul Frecker (London) and now in the collection of Oksana Zussman (November 2007) |
| 19. |  | Louis Pierson n.d. Anna, Queen of Holland Carte de visite Paul Frecker Paul Frecker provides the following comments: "Born the Grand Duchess Anna Pavlova of Russia, she was the daughter of Tsar Paul I and the sister of Tsars Alexander I and Nicholas I. In 1816 she was married to Prince Willem VII of Orange, later King Willem II of the Netherlands. In the Netherlands, due to the Dutch transliteration, she is better known as Anna Paulowna. In 1840, on her father-in-law Willem I's abdication, she became the queen-consort of the Netherlands. Photographed by Pierre Louis Pierson of 3, boulevard Capucines, "seule propriétaire de la maison Mayer & Pierson", according to his backplate. [Pierson took over as sole proprietor in 1864]." |
| 20. |  | Serge Levitsky 1870 (ca) Grand Duchess Olga Constantinova, Queen of the Hellenes Carte de visite Paul Frecker |
| 21. |  | Abdullah frères n.d. Emperor Franz Joseph of Austria Carte de visite Stereographica - Antique Photographica Courtesy of Bryan and Page Ginns (#14 / 173) |
| 22. |  | Ludwig Angerer n.d. Grand Duchess Gisele with Crown Prince Rudolf Carte de visite Paul Frecker Paul Frecker provides the following comments: "A carte-de-visite showing two of the children of Empress Elisabeth of Austria (Sisi) and the Emperor, Franz Joseph. Grand Duchess Gisele was the second of the Imperial couples four children but the oldest to survive infancy (an older daughter Sophie died at the age of two). Born at Schloss Laxenburg near Vienna on 12 July 1856, in 1873 Gisele married Prince Leopold of Bavaria (1846-1930). She died in Munich on 27 July 1932. She is seen here with her younger brother, Crown Prince Rudolf (1858-1889) heir to the Austro-Hungarian empire, who's suicide at Meyerling remains the subject of speculation. Photographed by L. Angerer of Vienna, identified by his backplate." |
| 23. |  | LeLieure n.d. King Amedeo I of Spain (1845-1890) Carte de visite Stereographica - Antique Photographica Courtesy of Bryan and Page Ginns (#13 / 52) |
| 24. |  | Serge Levitsky 1860s (ca) King Amadeo of Spain and his wife Carte de visite Paul Frecker |
| 25. |  | Alinari n.d. Marguerite of Italy (1851-1926), wife of King Umberto I of Italy Carte de visite Stereographica - Antique Photographica Courtesy of Bryan and Page Ginns (#13 / 53) |
| 26. |  | Serge Levitsky 1870 (ca) Tsarevitch Alexander, later Alexander III Carte de visite Paul Frecker |
| 27. |  | Serge Levitsky 1890 (ca) Nicholas II of Russia Carte de visite Paul Frecker |
| 28. |  | Serge Levitsky 1870 (ca) The Tsarevitch and his wife, Dagmar Carte de visite Paul Frecker |
| 29. |  | Maull & Co. n.d. Barghash bin Sa'id, Sultan of Zanzibar (reigned 1870-1888) Carte de visite Paul Frecker Paul Frecker provides the following comments: "The son of Sa'id bin Sultan, Barghash was the last Sultan to retain a measure of true independence from European control. During his reign he encouraged the expansion of trans-continental trade, which reached Uganda and the Congo. He replaced the clove plantations, decimated by a hurricane, and he continued the policy of his father and brother of dependence on, and in the last resort, submission to the will of the British. In 1872 he was obliged to prohibit the slave trade. In 1885, abandoned by Britain, he was forced to surrender large areas of the mainland, over which he had exercised paramount authority, to Germany, and in 1887, he handed over administration of what was later to become the Kenya coast to the Imperial British East Africa Company." |
| 30. |  | Serge Levitsky 1870 (ca) The Shah of Persia Carte de visite Paul Frecker |
| 31. |  | Unidentified photographer / artist n.d. Chief Cakobau of Bau, the self-proclaimed King of Fiji Carte de visite Paul Frecker Paul Frecker provides the following comments: "During the 1840's Chief Cakobau of Bau, with the assistance of the Europeans and their firearms, began to extend his control of Viti Levu and several islands. By 1850 the white settlers were calling him Tui Viti (King of Fiji), and he converted to Christianity to secure European support. In fact he was only one war-lord among many. His domination was in one limited area in Western Fiji, while the east was controlled by Ma'afu, a Tongan chief who had gained control over the Lau group. In 1858, the British became concerned by the interest being shown by France and the United States in the islands and sent their consul, Pritchard, to claim them. Cakobau, who was in debt to some American residents who has sold him firearms, offered to cede the islands to Britain in return for the payment of his debts. Pritchard took the offer to London but the government, but no doubt preoccupied elsewhere, failed to act. During the following years hundreds of Islanders were taken from their homes and forced into slavery in the Fijian plantations. In 1871 Cakobau attempted to form a Western-style government but this collapsed after just two years. In 1873 the acting British consul sought British annexation of Fiji, and on 10 October 1874 it was pronounced a British colony and a capital was established at Suva." Photographer unidentified. |
| 32. |  | Ashford Brothers n.d. Composite Carte de Visite of European and other Royalty Carte de visite, composite Stereographica - Antique Photographica Courtesy of Bryan and Page Ginns (#13 / 54) |