Luminous-Lint - for collectors and connoisseurs of photography Register
Subscribe
Login
Photographers:
Connections:
Getting around...
| Home > Contents > Virtual exhibits
Explore subjects throughout photohistory.
Register and see for yourself...
American Civil War (1861-1865)
Title Introduction Carousel Lightbox Checklist
   
1.Mathew Brady's Studio
1862
Brady Gallery photographic team for the Civil War, Berlin, Maryland

Albumen print
Private collection of Larry West
Courtesy of Larry J. West, © West Companies, Inc., 2005. [From the book: Tokens of Affection and Regard]
 
From left to right:
 
Silas Holmes
Stephen (a cook)
E.T. Whitney
Hodges
Jim (teamster)
Mathew Brady
David B. Woodbury
 
One of the rare photographs that shows the people who actually took the photography for Brady.
 
Published in the Image of War Series, NHS, vol I, p.423.
 
LL/8597
2.Mathew Brady's Studio
1862, 28 October
Brady Gallery photographic team for the Civil War, Berlin, Maryland

Albumen print
Source requested
From left to right:
 
Silas Holmes
Stephen (a cook)
E.T. Whitney
Hodges
Jim (teamster)
Mathew Brady
David B. Woodbury
 
One of the rare photographs that shows the people who actually took the photography for Brady.
 
Published in the Image of War Series, NHS, vol I, p.423.
 
LL/43005
3.Timothy H. O'Sullivan
1865, May
View of the Gas Work, Petersburg, VA

Albumen print
Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division
Ref: 00666u
 
A photographic wagon from the Engineer Department can be seen and it is probably the same one as in other Petersburg area photos taken by O'Sullivan. [Dave Tooley, pers. comm. February 2011]
 
LL/42993
4.Timothy H. O'Sullivan
n.d.
View of the Petersburg Gas Works
[Gardner's Photographic Sketch Book of the War. Incidents of the War, pl. 81]

Albumen print
Larry Gottheim, Be-hold, Inc
Courtesy of Larry Gottheim - Be-Hold (47 / 213)
 
A forceful architectural image with light grasses in the foreground. O'Sullivan's PHOTOGRAPH WAGON from the Engineer Department is parked at the right.
 
Attribution to Timothy H. O'Sullivan comes from the authoratitive work on the subject E.F. Bleiler (1959) Gardner's Photographic Sketch Book of the Civil War (New York, Dover Publications)
 
Negative by David Knox. May, 1865. Entered according to act of Congress, in the year 1865, by A. Gardner, in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the District of Columbia. Incidents of the War. View of the Petersburg Gas Works. Published by Philp & Solomon, Washington. Positive by A. Gardner, 511 7th Street, Washington
 
LL/11462
5.Timothy H. O'Sullivan
n.d.
View of the Petersburg Gas Works [Detail]
[Gardner's Photographic Sketch Book of the War. Incidents of the War, pl. 81]

Albumen print
Larry Gottheim, Be-hold, Inc
Courtesy of Larry Gottheim - Be-Hold (47 / 213)
 
A forceful architectural image with light grasses in the foreground. O'Sullivan's PHOTOGRAPH WAGON from the Engineer Department is parked at the right.
 
Attribution to Timothy H. O'Sullivan comes from the authoratitive work on the subject E.F. Bleiler (1959) Gardner's Photographic Sketch Book of the Civil War (New York, Dover Publications)
 
"Negative by David Knox. May, 1865. Entered according to act of Congress, in the year 1865, by A. Gardner, in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the District of Columbia. Incidents of the War. View of the Petersburg Gas Works. Published by Philp & Solomon, Washington. Positive by A. Gardner, 511 7th Street, Washington"
 
LL/11463
6.Thomas C. Roche
1861-1865 (ca)
Civil War Photographers Van

Photograph, detail
Private collection of Clark and Joan Worswick
LL/50715
7.Alexander Gardner
n.d.
Photography wagon, with Alexander Gardiner seated in the middle

Albumen print
This work is out of copyright
[Further information on the source of this image is requested.]
 
LL/35273
8.Samuel A. Cooley
1863 (ca)
Sam Cooley - photographer, employees, and working apparatus

Albumen print
Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division
Ref: 03518u
 
Cooley was active in the Charleston SC, Savannah GA and St Augustine FL areas. [Dave Tooley, pers. comm. February 2011]
 
LL/43000
9.Samuel A. Cooley
n.d.
Sam A. Cooley, Field Dark-Room

Albumen print
This work is out of copyright
[Further information on the source of this image is requested.]
 
LL/35274
10.Samuel A. Cooley
1864
Savannah, Georgia (vicinity). View of Fort McAllister and Cooley's photographic tent

1 negative (2 plates) : glass, stereograph, wet collodion
Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division
LC-DIG-cwpb-03484 (digital file from original neg. of left half) LC-DIG-cwpb-03483 (digital file from original neg. of right half)
 
LL/36097
11.Unidentified photographer
1862, 4 July
Our Photographer, Manassas, VA

Albumen print
Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division
Ref: 00167u
 
Thomas O'Sullivan and his assistant.
 
It is uncertain if this is a self-portrait of Timothy O'Sullivan and if it isn't who took the photograph.
 
LL/42986
12.Unidentified photographer
1864 (ca)
Brady's photo outfit in front of Petersburg, VA

Albumen print
Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division
Ref: 00170u
 
The photograph includes a person who is thought to be David Woodbury.
 
LL/42987
13.Timothy H. O'Sullivan
1862, 8-9 August
Andrew J. Russell and others having breakfast, Cedar Mountain, VA

Albumen print
Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division
Ref: 00220u
 
Note the photographer's wagon at extreme right of right hand stereo image and there is also a photographer standing close by. [Dave Tooley, pers. comm. February 2011]
 
LL/42989
14.Timothy H. O'Sullivan
1862
New bridge built by McDowell's engineers, Bull Run, VA

Albumen print
Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division
Ref: 00237u
 
Note photographer's wagon at extreme left hand edge of photograph.
 
LL/42991
15.Timothy H. O'Sullivan
1865, May
Photographers resting in camp

Albumen print
Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division
Ref: 00384u
 
Flaps open probably mid summer and warm. [Dave Tooley, pers. comm. February 2011]
 
LL/42992
16.George N. Barnard
1862, March
Sudley Church on hill, and the remains of the Sudley Sulphur Spring house on the rigfht, Bull Run Creek, Cathapin Run, VA

Albumen print
Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division
Ref: 00956v
 
George Barnard may or not been alone. There are photographs labeled Barnard & Gibson during this time. [Dave Tooley, pers. comm. February 2011]
 
LL/42994
17.Timothy H. O'Sullivan
1863, November
Approach to town, Culpepper, VA

Albumen print
Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division
Ref: 01074u
 
Photographer and wagon at left.
 
LL/42996
18.Unidentified photographer
1864-1865
Photographer's wagon and developing tent, Cold Harbor VA

Albumen print
Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division
Ref: 01728v
 
As this location was near the "center" of the war at this time the photographer could be one of many. [Dave Tooley, pers. comm. February 2011]
 
LL/42998
19.Unidentified photographer
1864
Photographer, wagon, observation tower, Bermuda Hundred, VA

Albumen print
Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division
Ref: 01831u
 
The war was squeezing the CSA into a concentrated area, lots of photographers in close proximity: Egbert G. Fowx, Andrew J. Russell, Thomas C. Roche are all possible candidates. [Dave Tooley, pers. comm. February 2011]
 
LL/42999
20.Alexander Gardner
1863
Group military telegraph operators, HQ, Army of the Potomac, Bealton, VA

Albumen print
Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division
Ref: 03771u
 
Chief Telegrapher standing is A.H. Caldwell. I believe there are at least three well known photographers in the photograph but can't prove it. [Dave Tooley, pers. comm. February 2011]
 
LL/43001
21.Timothy H. O'Sullivan
1863, August
Group at tent and wagon of the New York Herald, Bealton, VA

Albumen print
Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division
Ref: 03915u
 
I believe there is a well known photographer in this group but can not prove it. [Dave Tooley, pers. comm. February 2011]
 
LL/43002
22.David Knox
1864-1865
Military Telegraph battery wagon, HQ, Army of the Potomac, Petersburg VA

Albumen print
Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division
Ref: 04330u
 
One publication proposes that the man standing is James Gardner. [Dave Tooley, pers. comm. February 2011]
 
LL/43003
23.Alexander Edouart
1865-1867
Charley, Liza, and Mike Oalente

Carte de visite
Private collection of Laddy Kite
Edouart's Photographic Gallery (Kearny. Cor., San Francisco, California)
 
The children are fitted out in American Civil War uniforms.
 
Edouart's Photographic Gallery was at this address 1865-1867 and so this photograph may have been taken towards the end of the war (9 April 1865) or soon after.
 
Peter E. Palmquist & Thomas R. Kailbourn, 2000, Pioneer Photographers of the Far West: A Biographical Dictionary, 1840-1865, (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press)
 
LL/35975
24.Unidentified photographer
1861-1865
[Unidentified young soldier in Confederate shell jacket, Hardee hat with Mounted Rifles insignia and plume with canteen and cup]

Tintype
Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division
Liljenquist Family Collection of Civil War Portraits, Reproduction Number: LC-DIG-ppmsca-27165 (digital file from original item)
 
LL/39564
25.Unidentified photographer
1863-1865
[Unidentified African American soldier in Union uniform with wife and two daughters]

Tintype
Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division
Liljenquist Family Collection of Civil War Portraits, Reproduction Number: LC-DIG-ppmsca-26454 (digital file from original item)
 
LL/39565
26.Unidentified photographer / artist
n.d.
Armed Rhode Island Civil War Duo

Ambrotype, 1/4 plate
Larry Gottheim, Be-hold, Inc
Courtesy of Larry Gottheim - Be-Hold (46 / 45)
 
LL/8860
27.A.D. Hopper (Bleeker St., NY.)
n.d.
Civil War soldier with great American flag and 1851 Navy Colt Third Model (long barrel)

Ambrotype, 1/6 plate, tinted
Jeffrey Kraus Antique Photographics
The name "Decker" is scratched in the inside back of the case behind the image. Housed in full leather Eagle and Shield case.
 
LL/37874
28.Unidentified photographer
n.d.
Civil War soldier with book, Union case

Tintype, 1/9 plate
Larry Gottheim, Be-hold, Inc
Courtesy of Larry Gottheim - Be-Hold (46 / 59)
 
LL/9051
29.Unidentified photographer
1860s
Drummer Boy in Uniform

Tintype, 1/6 plate
Charles Schwartz Ltd
Courtesy of Charles Schwartz Ltd (www.cs-photo.com - #6473)
 
The letters "MCB" are on the boy's cap in reverse.
 
LL/9073
30.Unidentified photographer
n.d.
Untitled

Tintype
Source requested
LL/149
31.Unidentified photographer
n.d.
Untitled

Tintype
Source requested
LL/77
32.Sunbeam Gallery (Rochester, NY)
1860s (ca)
A uniformed soldier

Tintype, on carte de visite
Private collection of Laddy Kite
An unusual combination of a stamped brass mat "gem" tintype attached to a carte de visite.
 
LL/35977
33.Unidentified photographer
1863-1865
Unidentified African American soldier in Union uniform and Company B, 103rd Regiment forage cap with bayonet and scabbard in front of painted backdrop showing landscape with river

Tintype, 1/4 plate, hand-coloured
12 x 9.5 cm (case)
 
Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division
Liljenquist Family collection, Gift; Tom Liljenquist; 2010; (DLC/PP-2010:105)
 
LL/42087
34.Unidentified photographer
1861-1865
Unidentified soldier in Union uniform with revolver in holster in front of painted backdrop showing military camp

Tintype, 1/4 plate, hand-coloured
11.9 x 9.4 cm (case)
 
Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division
Liljenquist Family collection, Gift; Tom Liljenquist; 2010; (DLC/PP-2010:105)
 
LL/42088
35.Unidentified photographer
1861-1865
Unidentified soldier in Union uniform with sword in front of painted backdrop showing military camp scene

Tintype, 1/6 plate, hand-coloured
9.3 x 8.2 cm (case)
 
Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division
Liljenquist Family collection, Gift; Tom Liljenquist; 2010; (DLC/PP-2010:105)
 
LL/42089
36.Unidentified photographer
1861-1865
Five unidentified soldiers in Union uniform of the 6th Regiment Massachusetts Volunteer Militia outfitted with Enfield muskets in front of encampment

Tintype, 1/4 plate, hand-coloured
12.5 x 10 cm (case)
 
Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division
Liljenquist Family collection, Gift; Tom Liljenquist; 2010; (DLC/PP-2010:105)
 
LL/42079
37.Unidentified photographer
1861-1865
Unidentified soldier in Union uniform with musket, bayonet, and cartridge box

Tintype, 1/6 plate, hand-coloured
8.3 x 7 cm (plate)
 
Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division
Liljenquist Family collection, Gift; Tom Liljenquist; 2010; (DLC/PP-2010:105)
 
LL/42082
38.Unidentified photographer
1861-1865
Unidentified soldier in Union uniform and officer hat cords

Tintype, gem, hand-coloured
5.2 x 4.5 cm (case)
 
Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division
Liljenquist Family collection, Gift; Tom Liljenquist; 2010; (DLC/PP-2010:105)
 
LL/42083
39.Unidentified photographer
1860-1870
Two unidentified young women wearing printed dresses and necklaces in front of painted backdrop showing plantation

Ambrotype, 1/6 plate, hand-coloured
9.4 x 8.3 cm (case)
 
Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division
Liljenquist Family collection, Gift; Tom Liljenquist; 2010; (DLC/PP-2010:105)
 
LL/42084
40.Unidentified photographer
1862 (ca)
Untitled [Taylor Brothers, Privates Emzy Taylor (left) and G. M. Taylor, Company E, "Lone Star Guards" 4th Texas Infantry Regiment, Hood's Brigade, Confederate States Army]

Tintype, 1/2 plate
10.8 x 14 cm
 
DeGolyer Library, South Methodist University - SMU
Southern Methodist University, Central University Libraries, DeGolyer Library, Call number: Ag2008.0005
 
This images shows two country brothers in uniform standing side by side with their muskets, bayonets, pistols, and revolver. Large tintypes like this are unusual, especially for the Civil War era.
 
LL/38158
41.Unidentified photographer
1861-1865
Unidentified soldier in Union sergeant's frock coat and forage cap with unidentified woman in dress and hat with veil

Tintype, 1/4 plate, hand-coloured
11.8 x 9.3 cm (case)
 
Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division
Liljenquist Family collection, Gift; Tom Liljenquist; 2010; (DLC/PP-2010:105)
 
LL/42085
42.Unidentified photographer
1861-1865
Unidentified soldier in Union uniform with greatcoat in front of American flag

Ambrotype, 1/6 plate, hand-coloured
9.7 x 8.5 cm (case)
 
Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division
Liljenquist Family collection, Gift; Tom Liljenquist; 2010; (DLC/PP-2010:105)
 
LL/42086
43.Mathew Brady's Studio
1861-1865
Portrait of a Union soldier

Carte de visite
Private collection
LL/38770
44.Unidentified photographer / artist
n.d.
Tinted carte de visite of American Civil War soldier before painted backdrop

Carte de visite, hand-tinted
Jeffrey Kraus Antique Photographics
Courtesy of Jeffrey Kraus
 
LL/6248
45.Unidentified photographer
1861-1865
Col. David B. Birney [Union Army in the American Civil War]

Carte de visite
Private collection
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_B._Birney
 
LL/38778
46.Unidentified photographer / artist
1861-1865
Soldiers‘ Photographs at United States Post Office Dead Letter Office

Carte de visites, tintypes
George Eastman Museum
Albumen silver prints and tintypes. An unusual grouping of soldier portraits was assembled at the U.S. Post Office's dead letter office and displayed to see if anyone would claim them. Someone took the undeliverable cards and laid them out in a grid, attached them to a board with brass brads, and gave each image a number. This homemade display visually raises the question of the fate of all the men pictured and indirectly references the essential maleness of war, as women are rarely seen in any Civil War imagery.
 
LL/33139
47.Unidentified photographer
1861-1865
General Stonewall Jackson

Carte de visite, retouched
Private collection
This was photographed two weeks before his death and retouched.
 
LL/38787
48.Charles DeForest Fredricks
n.d.
Civil War General Banks

Carte de visite
Stereographica - Antique Photographica
Courtesy of Bryan and Page Ginns (#13 / 41)
 
LL/11253
49.Frederick Gutekunst
1863, 25 April (published)
Admiral Samuel F. Dupont, Commanding the Fleet off Charleston

Wood-engraved title-page plate
25.6 x 31.9 cm
 
Brown University Library, Special Collections
Anne S.K. Brown Military Collection, Call No. UNP1863mf-1
 
From Harper's Weekly, Apr. 25, 1863.
 
LL/43262
50.Unidentified photographer / artist
1860, 27 February
Abraham Lincoln (Without beard)

Carte de visite
Larry Gottheim, Be-hold, Inc
Courtesy of Larry Gottheim - Be-Hold (45 / 42)
 
This is the February 27, 1860 portrait by Brady, taken before Lincoln's speech at Cooper Union (O-17.) It is a clean print on a plain white mount with the Anthony/Brady backmark.
 
LL/10892
51.Unidentified photographer / artist
1861-1865 (ca)
Civil War photograph album

Photograph album
Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division
James Wadsworth Family Papers - Control No: 5802494
 
LL/6673
52.Unidentified photographer / artist
1861-1865 (ca)
Civil War photograph album - Single page

Album page
Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division
James Wadsworth Family Papers - Control No: 5802494
 
LL/6674
53.Frederick Gutekunst
1861-1865 (ca)
Civil War photograph album - McClellan, George Brinton, 1826-1885

Album photograph
Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division
James Wadsworth Family Papers - Control No: 5802494 - LC-MSS-44297-33-141
 
LL/6675
54.Frederick Gutekunst
1861-1865
Untitled [The Devil holding portraits of leading Southern figures during the American Civil War]

Carte de visite
Private collection
The portraits include Jefferson Davis, Alexander H. Stephens, Robert E. Lee and Stonewall Jackson.
 
LL/38774
55.Unidentified photographer / artist
1860-1870
Composite

Wet collodion glass negative
Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division
LC-DIG-cwpb-06550
 
LL/9990
56.Alexander Gardner
1862, October
President Lincoln on Battlefield of Antietam
[Gardner's Photographic Sketch Book of the War. Incidents of the War, pl. 23]

Albumen print
7 x 9 in
 
Lee Gallery
Courtesy of Lee Gallery (Z1357)
 
Despite the original inscription that Wm. R. Pyrell took the negative Alexander Gardner was the photographer.
E.F. Bleiler (1959) Gardner's Photographic Sketch Book of the Civil War (New York, Dover Publications)
 
"Negative by Wm. R. Pywell. October, 1862. Entered according to Act of Congress in the year 1865, by A. Gardner, in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the District of Columbia. Incidents of the War. President Lincoln on Battlefield of Antietam. Published by Philp & Solomons, Washington. Positive by A. Gardner, 511 7th St., Washington" printed in margin recto. Plate 23, from "Incidents of the War…" by Alexander Gardner.
 
Original caption:
 
On the 1st of October, 1862, two weeks after the battle of Antietam, President Lincoln Visited the Army of the Potomac, encamped near Harper's Ferry, in Maryland. He was accompanied on his trip by Major General MclClernand and Staff, Colonel Lamon, the Marshal of the District of Columbia, and Mr. Garrett, President of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. The President reached General Sumner's headquarters, on Bolivar Heights, at Harper's Ferry, on Wednesday, occupied the afternoon in reviewing the forces at that position, and spent the night at general Sumner's quarters. On Thursday morning he recrossed the Potomac, and was met by General McClellan and Staff, who conducted him during that the following day over the scenes of the recent battle, and in reviewing the various quarters, occupying much of the time in private conversation with him. In this conversation, it is said, that when the President alluded to the complaints that were being made of the slowness of the General's movements, General McClellan replied, "You may find those who will go faster than I, Mr. President; but it is very doubtful if you will find many who will go further."
 
On Saturday, the President set out on his return home, accompanied by General McClellan as far as Middletown, but on the way, riding over the battle-field of South Mountain, the leading incidents of which, the scenes of particularly desperate conflicts, the names of the Corps and officers engaged, &c., were pointed out and described by the General, as he had previously done those of the great battle of Antietam; in all of which the President evinced a deep interest. The President then proceeded to Frederick, where he was received by the people with the most enthusiastic demonstrations of respect, and reached Washington in a special train at ten o'clock at night.

 
LL/12440
57.Alexander Gardner
1862, October
Guides to the Army of the Potomac
[Gardner's Photographic Sketch Book of the War. Incidents of the War, pl. 28]

Albumen print
7 x 9 in
 
Lee Gallery
Courtesy of Lee Gallery (Z1370)
 
"Alex. Gardner, Photographer. Berlin, Va., October 1862. Entered according to act of Congress, in the year 1865, by A. Gardner, in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the District of Columbia. Incidents of the War. Guides to the Army of the Potomac. Published by Philp & Solomon, Washington. 511 7th Street, Washington" printed in the margin recto.
 
Original caption:
 
The scouts of an army undergo more hardship and brave greater peril than any other class. Secrecy being their only safety, their heroic deeds pass unrecorded, and when the necessity for their services has ceased to exist, with rare exceptions the brave men are altogether forgotten. Volumes might be written of their heroic deeds, and the historian of the rebellion will have failed in his duty if he neglects to chronicle the instances of their great exploits. Every army had its scouts, but none proved more efficient than those of the Army of the Potomac. The individuals in this group were attached to the Secret Service Department of the Army of the Potomac when conducted by Major Allen Pinkerton. Their faces are indexes of the character required for such hazardous work. Men of iron nerve and indomitable perseverance, they braved the halter with perfect consciousness of their peril, and seldom failed in an undertaking. During the campaign of the army in front of Fredericksburg, they proved of incalculable value. Each man was provided with a pass from the Commanding General, written with a chemical preparation that only became visible when exposed to solar rays, and on the back of which was penciled some unimportant memoranda, to deceive the enemy, should the scout fall into his hands. If captured, he could drop this paper, apparently by accident, without exciting suspicion; and if successful in his expedition, the pass, after a moment's exposure to the light, enabled the bearer to re-enter our lines, and proceed without delay to headquarters. They generally passed as foragers within our own lines, always coming in with vegetables, poultry, and the like, and with the enemy assumes such characters as the occasion might require. They were really spies, and often spent many days within the Confederate lines. The Union people of the South sheltered them, and furnished information that frequently led to the discovery of the designs of the enemy in time to enable our commanding officers to wholly frustrate them. A number of the scouts were taken prisoners, some of whom were executed, while the survivors, scarcely less fortunate, wasted in cells, long, weary months. A few are still retained in the employ of the Government, and have proved no less faithful servants in peace than when confronting the dangers that surrounded the military spy
 
LL/12694
58.Alexander Gardner
1862, November
What do I Want, John Henry
[Gardner's Photographic Sketch Book of the War. Incidents of the War, pl. 27]

Albumen print
7 x 9 in
 
Lee Gallery
Courtesy of Lee Gallery (Z1364)
 
"Alex. Gardner, Photographer. Warrenton,Va., November, 1862. Entered according to act of Congress, in the year 1865, by A. Gardner, in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the District of Columbia. Incidents of the War. What Do I Want, John Henry? Published by Philp & Solomon, Washington. 511 7th Street, Washington" printed in the margin recto.
 
LL/12693
59.Alexander Gardner
1860s (ca)
Scene in Pleasant Valley, MD
[Gardner's Photographic Sketch Book of the War. Incidents of the War, pl. 24]

Albumen print
7 x 9 in
 
Lee Gallery
Courtesy of Lee Gallery (Z1358)
 
"Alex. Gardner, Photographer. Entered according to Act of Congress in the year 1865, by A. Gardner, in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the District of Columbia. Incidents of the War. Scene in Pleasant Valley, MD. Published by Philp & Solomons, Washington. 511 7th St., Washington" printed in margin recto.
 
LL/12692
60.Alexander Gardner
1863, June
Studying the Art of War
[Gardner's Photographic Sketch Book of the War. Incidents of the War, pl. 45]

Albumen print
7 x 9 in
 
Lee Gallery
Courtesy of Lee Gallery (Z1381)
 
"Alex. Gardner, Photographer. Fairfax Court-House, June, 1863. Entered according to act of Congress, in the year 1865, by A. Gardner, in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the District of Columbia. Incidents of the War. Studying the Art of War. Published by Philp & Solomon, Washington. 511 7th Street, Washington" printed in the margin recto.
 
LL/12696
61.Mathew Brady's Studio
1861-1865
Illustrations of Camp Life

Carte de visite
Private collection of Laddy Kite
During the winter months of the Civil War, some of the armies would remain in camp for extended periods. Some soldiers would have their families join them.
 
The Photo is credited to Brady, Washington.
 
LL/35973
62.Timothy H. O'Sullivan
1864, 21 May (event)
730. General Grant's Council of War.
[1861 The War For the Union 1865 / 1861 Photographic War History 1865]

Stereoview
NYPL - New York Public Library
Image ID: G92F256_071ZF
 
Taylor & Huntington, publisher.
 
Shows Gen. Grant reading map over Gen. Meade's shoulder at Massaponax Church, Va. (1861-1865)
 
LL/39174
63.Timothy H. O'Sullivan
1864, 21 May (event)
Council of war near Massaponax Church, Va.

Albumen print
National Archives and Records Administration
200-CC-730
 
General Grant is looking over General Meade's shoulder at a map Meade holds. Photographed by Timothy H. O'Sullivan.
 
LL/39178
64.Timothy H. O'Sullivan
1864, 21 May (event)
A council of war at Massaponax Church, VA., 21st May, 1864. Gen. Grant and Meade, Asst. Sec. of War, Dana, and their staff officers.

Stereoview
New York Historical Society
Repository: New-York Historical Society, nhnycw/ad ad09025, Call Number: PR-065-779-25
 
This stereoview was included on the American Memory website (memory.loc.gov)
 
LL/39176
65.Timothy H. O'Sullivan
1864, 21 May (event)
A council of war at Massaponax Church, VA., 21st May, 1864. Gen. Grant and Meade, Asst. Sec. of War, Dana, and their staff officers.

Stereoview, right
New York Historical Society
Repository: New-York Historical Society, nhnycw/ad ad09025, Call Number: PR-065-779-25
 
This stereoview was included on the American Memory website (memory.loc.gov)
 
Contrast has been enhanced to improve clarity.
 
LL/39177
66.Timothy H. O'Sullivan
1864, 21 May (event)
The war in Virginia Lieutenant General Grant in a council of war at Massaponax Church

Graphic
Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division
LC Control No.: 2004670514 , LC-DIG-pga-01674 DLC (digital file from original print)
 
Timothy O'Sullivan took the original photograph upon which this illustration was based.
 
LL/39175
67.1864, 21 May (event) 1887, June (published)
General Grant and staff at Bethesda Church; General Grant is sitting with his back to the smaller tree. (from a war-time photograph.)

Magazine illustration
NYPL - New York Public Library
Digital ID: 813592, Record ID: 702789
 
Timothy O'Sullivan took the original photograph upon which this illustration was based.
 
Stereoviews upon which this illustration was based were taken at Massaponax Church, Va.
 
Century magazine, [New York : The Century Co.].
 
Artist: Gabor.
 
LL/39136
68.J.H. Norman
1865 (ca)
Untitled [Tinted Blockade runner with flag]

Carte de visite, hand-tinted, detail
10 x 6 cm
 
DeGolyer Library, South Methodist University - SMU
Southern Methodist University, Central University Libraries, DeGolyer Library, Call number: Ag2008.0005
 
Painter: Julio Pardonneru.
 
Unidentified Confederate blockade runner shown with large Confederate naval flag. The image was taken in Cuba after the end of the war. It is exquisitely hand-colored and the colorist is identified as part of the Cuban photographer's imprint.
 
LL/38151
69.Unidentified photographer / artist
n.d.
#2059 Cannon on the Battlefield of Bull Run
[Army of the Potomac]

Stereocard
Jefferson Stereoptics
Courtesy of John Saddy (Auction, Tues. May 23rd & Thurs. May 25th, 2006, # 06-2, Lot 179)
 
Anthony tan mount.
 
LL/11708
70.Unidentified photographer / artist
n.d.
746. A Canvas Pontoon Bridge (Detail)

Stereocard
Jefferson Stereoptics
Courtesy of John Saddy (Auction, Tues. May 23rd & Thurs. May 25th, 2006, # 06-2, Lot 119)
 
This card was published by Taylor & Huntington circa 1887 using original Anthony negatives.
 
On the back it says:
 
746. A Canvas Pontton Bridge
 
This is the point on the North Anna River near Jericho Mills where the Fifth Corps crosssed in May, 1864. On this side of the river is seen the pontoon wagons, and the stacked muskets of some of the troops. On the other side the troops are in bivouac under the trees, making coffee. The stacks of muskets, the soldiers laying on the ground, the smoke from the various little bivouac fires, combine the "past rise before us like a dream."
 
LL/11703
71.Taylor & Huntington
1864
746. A Canvas Pontoon Bridge (Back of card)

Stereocard
Jefferson Stereoptics
Courtesy of John Saddy (Auction, Tues. May 23rd & Thurs. May 25th, 2006, # 06-2, Lot 119)
 
The message reads:
 
746. A Canvas Pontton Bridge
 
This is the point on the North Anna River near Jericho Mills where the Fifth Corps crosssed in May, 1864. On this side of the river is seen the pontoon wagons, and the stacked muskets of some of the troops. On the other side the troops are in bivouac under the trees, making coffee. The stacks of muskets, the soldiers laying on the ground, the smoke from the various little bivouac fires, combine the "past rise before us like a dream."
 
LL/11704
72.E. & H.T. Anthony & Co.
n.d.
Pontoon Bridge on the James River, Richmond, Va.

Stereocard
Stereoviews: Stereoviews and Fine 19th & 20th Century Antique Photographs
Courtesy of David Spahr (www.stereoviews.com)
 
LL/11642
73.Alexander Gardner
n.d.
Parrot gun

Stereocard
Stereoviews: Stereoviews and Fine 19th & 20th Century Antique Photographs
Courtesy of David Spahr (www.stereoviews.com)
 
LL/11643
74.Alexander Gardner
n.d.
Rodman gun

Stereocard
Stereoviews: Stereoviews and Fine 19th & 20th Century Antique Photographs
Courtesy of David Spahr (www.stereoviews.com)
 
LL/11644
75.Thomas C. Roche
1865
[Ordnance Wharf, City Point, Virginia]

Albumen silver print, from glass negative
21.7 x 25.5 cm (8 9/16 x 10 1/16 ins)
 
Metropolitan Museum of Art
Gilman Collection, Purchase, The Horace W. Goldsmith Foundation Gift, through Joyce and Robert Menschel, 2005, Accession Number: 2005.100.94
 
LL/40584
76.Thomas C. Roche
1865
[Depot Field Hospital, City Point, Virginia]

Albumen silver print, from glass negative
22.1 x 28.8 cm (8 11/16 x 11 5/16 ins)
 
Metropolitan Museum of Art
Gilman Collection, Purchase, The Horace W. Goldsmith Foundation Gift, through Joyce and Robert Menschel, 2005, Accession Number: 2005.100.95
 
LL/40585
77.McPherson and Oliver
1862, 20 July
Ironclad gunboat, "Essex"

Carte de visite
Private collection of Laddy Kite
LL/35976
78.McPherson and Oliver
n.d.
Fort Morgan, Alabama

Carte de visite
Larry Gottheim, Be-hold, Inc
Courtesy of Larry Gottheim - Be-Hold (47 / 88)
 
This fortress protected Mobile. From a famous series of views by McPherson & Oliver, this has their 1864 Copyright, their imprint, and a blue 2-cent Playing Card stamp with their initials. "Sally Port" is written in pen above the view but I'm not clear about this. The sally port may possibly be the brick structure on the right, but it doesn't look like the rectangular entrance shown in "The End of an Era" p. 112 (from another image by McPherson & Oliver.) A wagon is at left.
 
LL/11354
79.McPherson and Oliver
n.d.
Fort Morgan, Alabama

Carte de visite
Larry Gottheim, Be-hold, Inc
Courtesy of Larry Gottheim - Be-Hold (47 / 89)
 
"The End of an Era" p. 113 points out the sandbagged parapet, "hasty measures to futilely resist the enemy's siege guns."
 
LL/11355
80.
1862, September
Maryland, Antietam Bridge
[Gardner's Photographic Sketch Book of the War. Incidents of the War, pl. 19]

Albumen print
National Archives and Records Administration
[ARC Identifier: 533293]
 
LL/1632
81.
1863, July
Pennsylvania, Gettysburg. the Home of a Rebel Sharpshooter
[Gardner's Photographic Sketch Book of the War. Incidents of the War, pl. 41]

Albumen print
National Archives and Records Administration
[ARC Identifier: 533315]
 
LL/1634
82.George N. Barnard
1864, 24 July
Georgia, Atlanta Battlefield, July 22, 1864 [Retouched]

Retouched composite
National Archives and Records Administration
[ARC identifier: 533410]
 
LL/8090
83.George N. Barnard
1862-1865 (ca)
Georgia, Atlanta, Confederate works in front of [Retouched]

Retouched composite
National Archives and Records Administration
[ARC identifier: 533412]
 
LL/8092
84.James Gardner
1864, December
Ruins of Norfolk Navy Yard, VA
[Gardner's Photographic Sketch Book of the War. Incidents of the War, pl. 18]

Albumen print
7 x 9 in
 
Lee Gallery
Courtesy of Lee Gallery (Z1354)
 
"Negative by J. Gardner. December, 1864. Entered according to Act of Congress in the year 1865, by A. Gardner, in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the District of Columbia. Incidents of the War. Ruins of Norfolk Navy Yard, VA. Published by Philp & Solomons, Washington. Positive by A. Gardner, 511 7th St., Washington" printed in margin recto. Plate 18, from "Incidents of the War…" by Alexander Gardner.
 
LL/12438
85.Barnard & Gibson
1862, March
Ruins at Manassas Junction
[Gardner's Photographic Sketch Book of the War. Incidents of the War, pl. 10]

Albumen print
7 x 9 in
 
Lee Gallery
Courtesy of Lee Gallery (Z1350)
 
"Negative by Barnard & Gibson. March, 1862. Entered according to Act of Congress in the year 1865, by A. Gardner, in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the District of Columbia. Incidents of the War. Ruins at Manassas Junction. Published by Philp & Solomons, Washington. Positive by A. Gardner, 511 7th St., Washington" printed in margin recto. Plate 10, from "Incidents of the War…" by Alexander Gardner.
 
LL/12437
86.Alexander Gardner
1865, April
Ruins of Arsenal, Richmond, VA
[Gardner's Photographic Sketch Book of the War. Incidents of the War, pl. 91]

Albumen print
7 x 9 in
 
Lee Gallery
Courtesy of Lee Gallery (Z1405)
 
"Alex. Gardner, Photographer. April, 1865. Entered according to act of Congress, in the year 1865, by A. Gardner, in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the District of Columbia. Incidents of the War. Ruins of Arsenal, Richmond, VA. Published by Philp & Solomon, Washington. 511 7th Street, Washington" printed in the margin recto.
 
Original caption:
 
The Confederate arsenal at Richmond was one of the most extensive establishments of the kind in the South. At the commencement of the war the revel authorities took possession of a large number of private buildings, such as tobacco and cotton warehouses, and manufactories, and transformed them into Government shops. The masonry shown in the photograph formed the abutment of the Richmond and Petersburg Railroad bridge. The depot was immediately at the end of the structure, and became a portion of the arsenal. In the background are the ruins of the Franklin paper mill, and on the right those of the carbine manufactories. The space occupied by shells, stone, and blocks of iron formed the yard of the shops, in which the ordnance was made. In the foreground are piled up eleven-inch shells. In the middle distance are thirty pound shells, near which are half a dozen charges of canister and a large number of grape shot, each bundle of rings enclosing about thirty pounds of balls, and constituting a charge for a gun. Scattered over the yard, and standing near the base of the arch, are seen the elongated one hundred pound shell for rifled cannon.
 
The arsenal was destroyed by the great fire, at the evacuation of Richmond. The Tredegar Iron Works, where the Confederates manufactured a considerable portion of their artillery, were situated a short distance to the left of the ruins shown here, and escaped the conflagration.

 
LL/12698
87.Alexander Gardner
1865
Ruins of Petersburg and Richmond Railroad Bridge, Across the James
[Gardner's Photographic Sketch Book of the War. Incidents of the War, pl. 88]

Albumen print
7 x 9 in
 
Lee Gallery
Courtesy of Lee Gallery (Z1400)
 
"Alex. Gardner, Photographer. Entered according to act of Congress, in the year 1865, by A. Gardner, in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the District of Columbia. Incidents of the War. Ruins of Petersburg and Richmond Railroad Bridge, Across the James. Published by Philp & Solomon, Washington. 511 7th Street, Washington" printed in the margin recto.
 
LL/12697
88.A.J. Russell
1864 (ca)
Untitled [Apparatus for wrecking track used during Civil War and invented by E.C. Smead]

Albumen print
20.3 x 25. 4 cm
 
DeGolyer Library, South Methodist University - SMU
Southern Methodist University, Central University Libraries, DeGolyer Library, Call number: Vault Ag1986.0515x
 
American Civil War.
 
LL/38147
89.George N. Barnard
1864-1865
Sherman's Hair-Pins

Albumen silver print
6 1/8 x 7 7/8 ins (15.5 x 20 cm)
 
SFMOMA - San Francisco Museum of Modern Art
John Parkinson III Fund, 227.1977
 
LL/42166
90.Unidentified photographer / artist
n.d.
Photographic History - the War for the Union #3183 (Anthony yellow mount)

Stereocard
Jefferson Stereoptics
Courtesy of John Saddy (Auction, Tues. May 23rd & Thurs. May 25th, 2006, # 06-2, Lot 134)
 
"This Picture is a good view of the covered ways inside the Rebel Fort Mahone, called by the soldiers 'Fort Damnation.' The Union soldiers had to charge up and down the obstructions. In the foreground center is a dead rebel soldier sticking out through the debris, and further on lies another Confederate soldier."
 
LL/11705
91.Alexander Gardner
1863, July
A Sharpshooter's Last Sleep
[Gardner's Photographic Sketch Book of the War. Incidents of the War, pl. 40]

Albumen print
7 x 9 in
 
Lee Gallery
Courtesy of Lee Gallery (Z1376)
 
"Alex. Gardner, Photographer. Gettysburg, July, 1863. Entered according to act of Congress, in the year 1865, by A. Gardner, in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the District of Columbia. Incidents of the War. A Sharpshooter's Last Sleep. Published by Philp & Solomon, Washington. 511 7th Street, Washington" printed in the margin recto,
 
LL/12695
92.E. & H.T. Anthony & Co.
1865, 2 April (taken) 1870-1874 (ca, published)
A dead Confederate soldier as he lay in the trenches of F[ort Mahone] called by the soldiers "Fort [Damnation]"
[The War of the Union. Photographic History.]

Negative, safety film
Stereocard
 
Library of Virginia - State Library and Archive
Record number: 000005124, Stereograph Virginia Petersburg CW002
 
On verso: "War views … view taken the morning after the storming of Petersburgh [sic], Va., April 2d, 1865. No. 3190."
 
LL/36208
93.Unidentified photographer / artist
1865 (ca)
C.S. soldier killed in the trenches, at the storming of Petersburgh [sic], Va., April The marks and spots on his face, are blood issuing from his mouth and nose. The wound is in the head, caused by a fragment of shell.

Stereocard
Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division
LC-USZC4-1850
 
No. 29
Civil War Photograph Collection.
Copyright by E. & H.T. Anthony & Co.
"Photographic History-The War for the Union."
Print from Mathew Brady studio negative; cf. negative LC-B811-3180 or LC-B8184-3180.
 
LL/9991
94.Alexander Gardner
1862, September
Is This Death - Antietam Battlefield

Albumen silver print, from glass negative
Metropolitan Museum of Art
Purchase, Florance Waterbury Bequest, 1970, Accession Number: 1970.537.6
 
Dead Horse of Confederate Colonel; both killed at the Battle of Antietam.
 
LL/40600
95.E. & H.T. Anthony & Co.
n.d.
No. 2522. Soldiers' Graves, near the General Hospital, City Point, Va.
[War Views]

Stereoview
Jeffrey Kraus Antique Photographics
LL/37850
96.E. & H.T. Anthony & Co.
n.d.
No. 2522. Soldiers' Graves, near the General Hospital, City Point, Va.
[War Views]

Stereoview, detail
Jeffrey Kraus Antique Photographics
LL/37851
97.Unidentified photographer
1861-1870
[Unidentified girl in mourning dress holding framed photograph of her father as a cavalryman with sword and Hardee hat]

Tintype, 1/6th plate, hand-coloured
9.5 x 8.4 cm (case)
 
Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division
Liljenquist Family Collection of Civil War Portraits, Reproduction Number: LC-DIG-ppmsca-26863 (digital file from original item)
 
Photo shows a girl holding a framed image of her father. Judging from her necklace, mourning ribbons, and dress, it is likely that her father was killed in the war. (Source: Matthew R. Gross and Elizabeth T. Lewin, 2010)
 
LL/39566
98.Unidentified photographer
1861-1865
[Unidentified woman wearing mourning brooch and displaying framed image of unidentifed soldier]

Tintype, 1/6th plate, hand-coloured
12.5 x 11.2 cm (frame)
 
Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division
Liljenquist Family Collection of Civil War Portraits, Reproduction Number: LC-DIG-ppmsca-27192 (digital file from original item)
 
LL/39567
99.Unidentified photographer
1861-1865
[Francis Edwin Brownell of Company A, 11th New York Infantry Regiment, in uniform; portrait set in memorial badge of black silk]

Tintype, gem, in mourning badge
15.3 x 12.2 cm (case)
 
Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division
Liljenquist Family collection, Gift; Tom Liljenquist; 2010; (DLC/PP-2010:105)
 
LL/42078
100.Alexander Gardner
1865-1866
Album cover for "Gardner's Photographic Sketchbook of the War, Volume 1"

Album cover
17.8 x 22.7 cm (7 x 8 15/16 ins)
 
Metropolitan Museum of Art
Gilman Collection, Purchase, Ann Tenenbaum and Thomas H. Lee Gift, 2005, Accession Number: 2005.100.502.1 (1-50)
 
LL/40583
101.George N. Barnard
1864-1865
Sherman and his Generals
[Photographic Views of Sherman's Campaign]

Albumen silver print
10 1/16 x 14 1/8 ins (25.6 x 35.9 cm)
 
SFMOMA - San Francisco Museum of Modern Art
Acquired by exchange with the Library of Congress, 409.1969.1
 
LL/42159
102.George N. Barnard
1864-1865
Buzzard Roost
[Photographic Views of Sherman's Campaign]

Albumen silver print
10 1/16 x 14 1/8 ins (25.6 x 35.9 cm)
 
SFMOMA - San Francisco Museum of Modern Art
Acquired by exchange with the Library of Congress, 409.1969.18
 
LL/42160
103.George N. Barnard
1864-1865
Lu-La-Lake, Lookout Mountain
[Photographic Views of Sherman's Campaign]

Albumen silver print
10 1/16 x 14 1/8 ins (25.6 x 35.9 cm)
 
SFMOMA - San Francisco Museum of Modern Art
Acquired by exchange with the Library of Congress, 409.1969.15
 
LL/42161
104.George N. Barnard
1864-1865
The Battlefield of Peach Tree Creek
[Photographic Views of Sherman's Campaign]

Albumen silver print
10 1/16 x 14 1/8 ins (25.6 x 35.9 cm)
 
SFMOMA - San Francisco Museum of Modern Art
Acquired by exchange with the Library of Congress, 409.1969.34
 
LL/42162
105.George N. Barnard
1864-1865
Ruins in Columbia, South Carolina
[Photographic Views of Sherman's Campaign]

Albumen silver print
10 1/16 x 14 1/8 ins (25.6 x 35.9 cm)
 
SFMOMA - San Francisco Museum of Modern Art
Acquired by exchange with the Library of Congress, 409.1969.55
 
LL/42163
106.George N. Barnard
1864-1865
Interior View of Fort Sumter
[Photographic Views of Sherman's Campaign]

Albumen silver print
10 1/16 x 14 1/8 ins (25.6 x 35.9 cm)
 
SFMOMA - San Francisco Museum of Modern Art
Acquired by exchange with the Library of Congress, 409.1969.57
 
LL/42164
107.George N. Barnard
1864-1865
Ruins of the Pinckney Mansion, Charleston
[Photographic Views of Sherman's Campaign]

Albumen silver print
10 1/16 x 14 1/8 ins (25.6 x 35.9 cm)
 
SFMOMA - San Francisco Museum of Modern Art
Acquired by exchange with the Library of Congress, 409.1969.59
 
LL/42165
108.George N. Barnard
1864-1865
Destruction of Hood's Ordnance Train
[Photographic Views of Sherman's Campaign]

Albumen silver print
10 1/16 x 14 1/8 ins (25.6 x 35.9 cm)
 
SFMOMA - San Francisco Museum of Modern Art
Acquired by exchange with the Library of Congress, 409.1969.44
 
LL/42167
109.George N. Barnard
1864-1865
Rebel Works in front of Atlanta, No. 1
[Photographic Views of Sherman's Campaign]

Albumen silver print
10 1/16 x 14 1/8 ins (25.6 x 35.9 cm)
 
SFMOMA - San Francisco Museum of Modern Art
Acquired by exchange with the Library of Congress, 409.1969.39
 
LL/42168
110.Unidentified photographer
1897, 20 September
Survivors of Company C, 118th Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteers 35 years after battle fought on September 20, 1862

Albumen print
Historical Society of Pennsylvania
Record Number: 2053, Collection: Historical Society of Pennsylvania photograph collection [V59]
 
LL/44551
111.1915
Scene from "Birth of a Nation" (directed by D.W. Griffith)

Movie frame
Source requested
LL/33956
112.1915
Scene from "Birth of a Nation" (directed by D.W. Griffith), A southern gentleman, Ben Cameron, holds a cased photograph of Elsie Stoneman.

Movie frame
Source requested
This scene showing a cased photograph occurs approximately 12:30 minutes into the film. Elsie Stoneman was played by Lillian Gish and Ben Cameron by Henry B. Walthall.
 
LL/33957
113.1915
Scene from "Birth of a Nation" (directed by D.W. Griffith), A card explaining the story.

Movie frame
Source requested
This scene showing a cased photograph occurs approximately 12:30 minutes into the film. Elsie Stoneman was played by Lillian Gish.
 
LL/33958
114.1915
Scene from "Birth of a Nation" (directed by D.W. Griffith), A cased photograph showing Elsie Stoneman

Movie frame
Source requested
This scene showing a cased photograph occurs approximately 12:30 minutes into the film. Elsie Stoneman was played by Lillian Gish.
 
LL/33959
115.1915
Scene from "Birth of a Nation" (directed by D.W. Griffith), A southern gentleman, Ben Cameron, holds a cased photograph of Elsie Stoneman.

Movie frame
Source requested
This scene showing a cased photograph occurs approximately 12:30 minutes into the film. Elsie Stoneman was played by Lillian Gish and Ben Cameron by Henry B. Walthall.
 
LL/33960
116.1915
Scene from "Birth of a Nation" (directed by D.W. Griffith), A southern gentleman, Ben Cameron, in hospital shows a cased portrait of Elsie Stoneman to her.

Movie frame
Source requested
This scene showing a cased photograph occurs approximately 62:00 minutes into the film. Elsie Stoneman was played by Lillian Gish and Ben Cameron by Henry B. Walthall.
 
LL/33961
   
Title Introduction Carousel Lightbox Checklist

Terms and conditions • Copyright • Privacy • Contact me
Contributors retain copyright over their submissions
In using this website you agree to the Terms and Conditions
© Alan Griffiths - Luminous-Lint 2025