Structural steel made skyscrapers possible, it provided the framework for the Eiffel Tower and the Marseille Transborder bridge so beloved by Modernist photographers including Herbert Bayer, Germaine Krull, Man Ray, Marcel Bovis, Brassai, François Kollar, André Steiner, Tim Gidal and László Moholy-Nagy. The contrasting voids of steel and sky and their height encouraged an upward vision and those changes in viewpoint became embedded in avant-garde and Modernist photography.