Unidentified photographer / artist, 1864 (published), Fig. 53. Atelier de pose pour la photographie, Engraving, Google Books, LL/34351

E.H. Train, 1870-1875, Untitled (Studio of E.H. Train), Stereoview, detail, Stereoviews: Stereoviews and Fine 19th & 20th Century Antique Photographs, LL/34737

Brewster (120 Main St. Montpelier, VT), 1897, Interior view of the photographic studio, Cabinet card, Capitol Gallery, Courtesy of Capitol Gallery (Fall 2007 Auction, #53), LL/22003

Gustave Cousin (Paris), 1870 (ca), Props in a 19th century Parisian photography studio, Albumen print, Private collection of Jan Weijers (Servatius), LL/38872

O.H. Willard, 1855 (ca), Séance de pose chez un photographe, Aquarelle, papier calque [Water colour, on translucent paper], Musée d'Orsay, (C) RMN (Musée d'Orsay) / Jean-Gilles Berizzi, Europeana Identifier: RMNDO000000451496 ; PHO1996-8-10, LL/42653

1881, December, Spencer's Improved Patent Head Rests, Advert, Google Books, LL/34468

Unidentified photographer / artist, 1856, Head Rests - For enabling the Sitter to keep the Head in one position without fatigue, Catalogue illustration, Google Books, LL/34641

Unidentified photographer / artist, 1868, Head rests, Book illustration, Google Books, LL/34513

Unidentified photographer / artist, 1873, Rigid head rest, Book illustration, Google Books, LL/34525

Unidentified photographer / artist, 1881, Photographic head-rest, Book illustration, Google Books, LL/34663

Unidentified photographer / artist, 1849, Head rests, Book illustration, Google Books, LL/34738

Unidentified photographer / artist, 1871, Head-rest used in the United States, Book illustration, Google Books, LL/34879

Honoré Daumier, 1856, Nouveau procédé employé pour obtenir des poses gracieuses. [A New Process Used to Achieve Graceful Poses.], Lithograph, National Gallery of Canada / Musée des beaux-arts du Canada, LL/34678

Honoré Daumier, 1847, 24 July, Position réputée la plus commode pour avoir un joli portrait au Daguerréotype. [Recommended position for having a perfect Daguerreotype portrait taken.], Lithograph, Bibliothèque Nationale de France, Département des Estampes et de la Photographie, BnF, Estampes et Photographie, Rés. Dc-180c (2)-Bo¯te fol., LL/34682

Cuthbert Bede, 1853 (publication) 1973 (facsimile), To secure a pleasing Portrait is everything, Book illustration, Private collection of Alan Griffiths, LL/34697

George Cruikshank, 1842, Photographic Phenomena, or the New School of Portrait Painting, Magazine illustration, Google Books, LL/34704

Olds, n.d., Mr. Olds - an eccentric self portrait, Carte de visite, Archives of Modern Conflict OR National Gallery of Canada, LL/9815

Unidentified photographer / artist, 1881, Photographic chair, Book illustration, Google Books, LL/34664

Unidentified photographer / artist, 1873, Padded posing chair with with nickel-plated rod and rest attachment, Book illustration, Google Books, LL/34533

Henry Clarke, 1869 (ca), Number 14, elderly man wearing checkered uniform, in restraint chair, Albumen print (?), Wellcome Collection, Wellcome Library, London (L0019069, Library reference no.: Iconographic Collection 347834), LL/36764

Henry Clarke, 1869 (ca), Presumed inmate at Wakefield prison, Wakefield, York., Carte de visite, Wellcome Collection, Wellcome Library, London (L0019070), LL/36765

1869, 5 March, A New Posing Rest, Magazine illustration, Google Books, LL/34590

Unidentified photographer, n.d., Sumptuous woman, Daguerreotype, Larry Gottheim, Be-hold, Inc, Courtesy of Larry Gottheim (Auction: Feb 21, 2008, 51, part 1 / lot 14), LL/27046

Parker's Photographic Rooms (Pekin, ILL), 1865, 7 March (after, date of Potter's Patent), Advertising for Parker‘s Photographic Rooms,Pekin, ILL., Tintype, carte de visite mount, Private collection of Laurie Minor, LL/31395

William Edward Kilburn, n.d., Portrait of a young girl, Daguerreotype, 1/4 plate, hand-tinted, Private collection of John Hannavy, LL/25153

Antoine Claudet, 1860s (ca), Portrait of a lady, Carte de visite, Private collection of Laurie Minor, LL/31402

A.N. Hardy (Boston), n.d., Portrait of a sitting gent with a ghostly figure, Carte de visite, double exposure, Private collection of Andrea Cesari, LL/29598

Unidentified photographer / artist, n.d., Armless Navy Veteran: Richard D. Dunphy, Carte de visite, Larry Gottheim, Be-hold, Inc, Courtesy of Larry Gottheim (Auction: March 13, 2008, 51, part 2 / lot 73), LL/27686

Mathew B. Brady, 1865, Sergent Boston Corbett, 16th N.Y. Cav. Who shot J. Wilkes Booth, April 26, 1865., Carte de visite, George Eastman Museum, George Eastman House Collection - Accession Number: 1972:0033:0003, LL/32714

Bieber Family, 1873-1878 (ca), Marie Charlotte Huyssen, Cabinet card, Private collection of T. Max Hochstetler, LL/20866

Unidentified photographer, 1860 (ca), Photographer Hector de Saedeler, Brussels, Belgium, Albumen print, Private collection of Jan Weijers (Servatius), Courtesy of Jan Weijers, LL/31978

Louis Wegner, 1859, Portrait of the painter Nicolaas Pieneman, Albumen print, from wet collodion on glass negative, Mounted on paper, Rijksmuseum, Copyright © Rijksmuseum Amsterdam (RP-F-00-2464), LL/25770

1892, Geo. Knell - Posing furniture, Advert, Google Books, LL/35314

1871, Knell's Patent and Patent Designed Photographic Furniture, Advert, Google Books, LL/35819

1871, Knell's Patent and Patent Designed Photographic Furniture - Pharaoh's Revolving Chair, Advert, Google Books, LL/35820

1871, Knell's Patent and Patent Designed Photographic Furniture - Pharaoh Chair, No.2, Advert, Google Books, LL/35821

1875, Phenix Posing Chair, made by C.A. Schindler, P.O. Box 63, West Hoboken, N.J., Advert, Google Books, LL/34483

1875, Phenix Posing Chair, made by C.A. Schindler, P.O. Box 63, West Hoboken, N.J., Advert, Google Books, LL/34486

1875, Phenix Posing Chair, made by C.A. Schindler, P.O. Box 63, West Hoboken, N.J., Advert, Google Books, LL/34484

1875, Phenix Posing Chair, made by C.A. Schindler, P.O. Box 63, West Hoboken, N.J., Advert, Google Books, LL/34485

Unidentified photographer / artist, 1873, Padded baby chair, Book illustration, Google Books, LL/34530

Unidentified photographer / artist, 1873, Padded posing chair - Bowdish Chair, Book illustration, Google Books, LL/34532

Unidentified photographer / artist, 1873, Padded posing chair, Book illustration, Google Books, LL/34526

Unidentified photographer / artist, 1873, Anthony's Revolving Chair, in plush, Book illustration, Google Books, LL/34528

1866, Geo. Knell's Patent Photographic Chairs and Lounges, Advert, Google Books, LL/34599

White & Lindsey (Kalamazoo, Mich.), n.d., Posing chair, Carte de visite, Private collection, LL/38746

Nadar, 1870 (ca), Alexander Dumas, Carte de visite, Stereographica - Antique Photographica, Courtesy of Bryan and Page Ginns (#17 / 178), LL/17464

Unidentified photographer, n.d., A girl sitting in a posing chair, Tintype, 1/6 plate, J. Cosmas Vintage Photography, LL/42749

Unidentified photographer, n.d., Portrait of a boy with a posing chair, Tintype, hand-painted, full plate, Private collection of Christopher Schwer, LL/61625

Unknown (American), 1875, 1 January, Janet Mc Intyre Murphy, Tintype, ferrotypie, 20 x 14.7 cm, Musée français de la Photographie, Inventory no: 2009.18.82, LL/42375

Unidentified photographer / artist, n.d., Untitled studio image of a young man with an early-looking Holmes-Bates style viewer on the table, Stereocard, detail, Jefferson Stereoptics, Courtesy of John Saddy (Auction, Tue, Dec 12, 2006 & Thu, Dec 14, 2006, # 06-4, Lot 70), LL/15797

Pierre Petit, 1870s (mid), Pierre Petit, Carte de visite, Paul Frecker, LL/12114

Unidentified photographer, 1875, Singalese Nabob Ratemahatunya, Ceylon, Albumen print, 8.5 in (21.59 cm) x 6.5 in (16.51 cm), Antiq-Photo, Courtesy of Anthony Davis - Antiq-photo / Rainbow creations (www.19cPhoto.com - 3eg689), LL/8612

Pierre Petit, 1870 (ca), Two French writers: Erckmann & Chatrian, Private collection of Jan Weijers (Servatius), Courtesy of Jan Weijers, LL/26064

Unidentified photographer / artist, 1873, Anthony Sliding-Back Chair, with arms, Book illustration, Google Books, LL/34527

Unidentified photographer / artist, 1873, Anthony's Sliding-Back Chair, without arms, Book illustration, Google Books, LL/34529

Sarony, n.d., Napoleon Sarony, Carte de visite, Archives of Modern Conflict OR National Gallery of Canada, LL/9807

Unidentified photographer / artist, 1873, Padded lounge for children, Book illustration, Google Books, LL/34531

Unidentified photographer, 1870 (ca), Portrait of dog in chair, Tintype, 8.8 x 6.3 cm, George Eastman Museum, Courtesy of George Eastman House, Gift of Alden Scott Boyer (82:1523:0002), LL/6930

1878, Advert for Wilson, Hood & Co., Advert, Google Books, LL/34557

1878, Advert for Wilson, Hood & Co. - Window Chair with a raw silk cover, Price $23, Advert, Google Books, LL/34558

Émile Gsell, 1866-1868, Untitled [information wanted], [Views of Indochina], Albumen print, Bassenge Photography Auctions, Courtesy of Bassenge, Berlin (Photography, Sale: 90, Lot: 4063, Dec 5, 2007), LL/25228

W.P. Floyd, 1870 (ca), Studio Portrait of a Japanese Moonsmi Woman, Hong Kong, Albumen print, 24 x 19 cm, Bassenge Photography Auctions, Courtesy of Bassenge, Berlin (Photography, Sale: 90, Lot: 4120, Dec 5, 2007), LL/25254

Unidentified photographer / artist, n.d., Mrs Ruth Day, Daguerreotype, 3/4 plate, Larry Gottheim, Be-hold, Inc, Courtesy of Larry Gottheim (Auction: Feb 21, 2008, 51, part 1 / lot 13), LL/27045

Unidentified photographer, 1940s, Smiling African American lady wearing a hat in a studio, Gelatin silver print, 9 x 6 in (matte), La Bonne Vivante, LL/34259

Lehnert & Landrock, 1910 (ca), Arabian female nude, Gelatin silver print, sepia-toned, 38.8 x 28.7 cm, Bassenge Photography Auctions, Auction (17 June 2009, Sale 93, Lot 4471), LL/32524

Unidentified photographer / artist, n.d., Portrait of a seated older gentleman with a Brewster style stereoscope on the table., Carte de visite, Stereographica - Antique Photographica, Courtesy of Bryan and Page Ginns (#20 / 172), LL/31520

Unidentified photographer / artist, 1865, 11 April (Patent), Woman (Mary C. Hilligoss) posing in a studio with a multiple CDV viewer, Archives of Modern Conflict OR National Gallery of Canada, LL/31374

Abdullah frères, 1865, Portrait of a boy [Joseph S. Greene], Carte de visite, Private collection of Andrea Cesari, LL/29570

Sorabji Jehangir, 1900 (ca), H.H. Maharawal Shri Fatehsinhji Motisinhji Sahib, the Raja of Chota Udaipur, Silver bromide print, 240 x 195 mm, Bonhams - London, courtesy Bonhams, London (April 9, 2008, #227), LL/28268

Émile Gsell, 1866-1868, Untitled [information wanted], [Views of Indochina], Albumen print, Bassenge Photography Auctions, Courtesy of Bassenge, Berlin (Photography, Sale: 90, Lot: 4063, Dec 5, 2007), LL/25230

Unidentified photographer / artist, n.d., Too Hot (Detail), Stereocard, Jefferson Stereoptics, Courtesy of John Saddy (Auction, Tues. May 23rd & Thurs. May 25th, 2006, # 06-2, Lot 556), LL/11797

Unidentified photographer / artist, 1870s (ca), Portrait of An Early Japanese Cross-Dresser, Ambrotype, 3.5 x 2.75 in (89 x 70 mm), Charles Schwartz Ltd, LL/23108

Southwell Brothers, 1860s (ca), Prince Louis, Grand Duke of Hesse, Carte de visite, Paul Frecker, LL/12301

Zangaki Brothers, 1870-1880 (ca), Groupe de femmes de harem (no 825), Papier albuminé d'après négatif sur verre au collodion, 22.5 x 28.5 cm, Bibliothèque Nationale de France, Département des Estampes et de la Photographie, LL/7772

Zangaki Brothers, n.d., Armenian Lady in exotic costume, Albumen print, 11 x 8.5 in, Pierre Spake Fine Art, Pierre Spake Fine Art [5205], LL/7531

Pascal Sebah, 1880s, Turkish lady seated with hookah, Albumen print, 7 x 9.5 in, Pierre Spake Fine Art, Pierre Spake Fine Art [6390], LL/7542

Unidentified photographer / artist, 1845-1855, Post mortem portrait of an unknown woman, Daguerreotype, Encased, Rijksmuseum, Copyright © Rijksmuseum Amsterdam (RP-F-F14377), LL/25757

Lewis Carroll, 1863, Irene MacDonald, Albumen print, 24.80 x 19.50 cm, National Galleries of Scotland, Courtesy of the National Galleries of Scotland, Purchased 1990 (PGP 189.21), LL/7696

Unidentified photographer, n.d., Young well-dressed African American man with a high collared shirt, Gelatin silver print, 6 x 4 ins, La Bonne Vivante, LL/34255

Atelier Adele, 1869, March, 4 - Fleur de Ligne et Perle d'Alsace, Bouffonnerie militaire et alsacienne, [Viennese Charity Play], Cabinet card, Past to Present: Vintage Photo Gallery, LL/30504

Desrue Studio, 2000 (ca), Allegory Maternity women mask angel nude, Silver process print, 3.5 x 3.5 in, Past to Present: Vintage Photo Gallery, LL/30638

William Saunders, 1870, Bound Feet Unbound, China, Albumen print, Private collection of Brad Feuerhelm, LL/20930

Josiah Bruce (Toronto, Ontario), 1890 (ca), Portrait of a young Lady, Cabinet card, Private collection of Steven Evans, LL/16550

Hamilton (Buffalo, NY), n.d., Dapper kid, Carte de visite, Dennis A. Waters Fine Daguerreotypes, Courtesy of Dennis Waters Fine Daguerreotypes (www.finedags.com), LL/34137

Obermuller & Sons (888 Bowery, N.Y.), n.d., Conjoined twins in Christmas attire, Gelatin silver print, Private collection, LL/33864

Unidentified photographer, n.d., A young woman posing in a photographer's studio amongst a "rustic" setting, Tintype, 1/6 plate, J. Cosmas Vintage Photography, LL/31981

Kusakabe Kimbei, 1890-1900, Studio portrait of a bare shouldered young woman reading a book, Albumen print, hand-coloured, 25 x 18.5 cm, Dennis George Crow, Courtesy of Dennis George Crow (www.dennisgeorgecrow.com), LL/10449

1888, 13 January, Patent No: 375,230 John W. Tinsman: Photographic accessory, Magazine illustration, Google Books, LL/34556

Wilhelm Höffert, 1879-1880 (embossed), Anton Schott, German tenor, Cabinet card, Private collection of T. Max Hochstetler, LL/34607

Antoine Claudet, 1850s (mid), Portrait of a Lady, Daguerreotype, stereo, hand-tinted, Private collection of John Hannavy, LL/31950

C.D. Tinsley (Batavia, IA), n.d., A young African-American baby, Cabinet card, Capitol Gallery, Courtesy of Capitol Gallery (Spring 2008 Auction), LL/28239

Pierre Louÿs, 1898, No. 13, [From a "bullet album"], Akehurst Creative Management Ltd, LL/28327

O.H. Willard, 1860 (ca), Gent with Column, Albumen-coated salt print, 8.5 x 7.25 in (22x18 cm), Christopher Wahren Fine Photographs, Courtesy of Christopher Wahren Fine Photographs (fb52), LL/13042

Maull & Co., n.d., Portrait of a woman partially obscured by a drape, Carte de visite, Stereographica - Antique Photographica, Courtesy of Bryan and Page Ginns (#16/147), LL/13265

André Adolphe-Eugène Disdéri, 1860-1870, Disdéri, Carte de visite, Archives of Modern Conflict OR National Gallery of Canada, LL/10619

Ellisson & Co., 1861, Grey Nuns, Albumen silver print, 20.2 x 17.6 cm, National Gallery of Canada / Musée des beaux-arts du Canada, Courtesy of the National Gallery of Canada (no. 21645), Purchased 1972, LL/6706

Eugène Durieu, 1853 (ca), Rückenakt, Paris, Museum Ludwig, LL/7715

1868, 21 February, Showing studio poses against pedestals and columns, Magazine illustration, Google Books, LL/34564

R.A. Lewis (New York), 1860-1865 (ca), An unidentified Union Drummer boy posing in a photographer's studio in his uniform and kepi, while holding a drum and drumsticks., Carte de visite, J. Cosmas Vintage Photography, LL/31985

Unidentified photographer, 1905-1915 (ca), [Lady in costume], Real photo postcard, Private collection of Brian Smolens, LL/30526

Alexander Bassano, 1888 (ca), Friedrich III, His Imperial Majesty, Emperor of Germany, Cabinet card, Private collection of T. Max Hochstetler, LL/26730

André Adolphe-Eugène Disdéri, 1860 (ca), Studio portraits of the French composer Francois Emanuel-Joseph Bazin, Albumen print, 19.5 x 20.4 cm, Bassenge Photography Auctions, Courtesy of Bassenge, Berlin (Photography, Dec 2, 2009, Sale: 94, Lot: 4030), LL/33486

Unidentified photographer / artist, 1870s (ca), A woman in kimono posed in front of an elaborately painted backdrop with seaside scene, Ambrotype, kiriwood case, 4 x 2.5 in (case), Christopher Wahren Fine Photographs, Christopher Wahren Fine Photographs - Auction (Skylight Gallery Catalog 28,April 30, 2009, #25), LL/32289

Maynard & Quimby, n.d., A young woman posing with an urn in a photographer's studio, Tintype, 1/6 plate, J. Cosmas Vintage Photography, LL/31983

Camille Silvy, 1860s (ca), Duchess of Cambridge, Carte de visite, Private collection of Laurie Minor, LL/31399

Eduard Isaac Asser, 1852-1854, Portrait of Charlotte Asser, one of the photographer's daughters., Album (mounted on paper), Salted paper print from wet collodion on glass negative, Rijksmuseum, Copyright © Rijksmuseum Amsterdam (RP-F-AB12278-J), LL/25763

Unidentified photographer, 1905-1915 (ca), [Child in costume], Real photo postcard, Private collection of Brian Smolens, LL/30525

Unidentified photographer / artist, 1870s, Tunisian Jewish Woman, Albumen print, 210 x 260 mm, Daniella Dangoor, LL/22747

Léopold-Emile Reutlinger, n.d., Marguerite Carrthre-Xanrof, soprano, Cabinet card, Paul Frecker, LL/12381

André Adolphe-Eugène Disdéri, 1860 (ca), M. et Mme. Nicolopoulo, Uncut studio carte de visite proof sheet, Albumen print, from wet collodion negative, 7.5 x 9, Charles Isaacs Photographs, Inc, LL/4152

Felice Beato, 1860, Sir James Hope Grant, Albumen print, 17 x 13.10 cm, National Galleries of Scotland, Courtesy of the National Galleries of Scotland (Accession no. PGP 19.1), Purchased 1938, LL/6823

Jose Mora, n.d., Mary Anderson, actress, Cabinet card, oversize, Private collection of T. Max Hochstetler, LL/34602

Southwell Brothers, 1865, Hon. Lewis Wingfield as Miss Yellowleaf in a revival of "the Bengal Tiger", Carte de visite, Paul Frecker, LL/34096

Camille Silvy, 1860, Lydia Thompson as Harry Halcyon in "Middy Ashore", Carte de visite, Paul Frecker, LL/34091

Unidentified photographer / artist, 1930, Turkish women, Postcard, Private collection of John Toohey, LL/33047

P. Klier, 1870s (ca), Double portrait of a Burmese couple, Cabinet card, Dominic Winter Book Auctions, Courtesy of Dominic Winter Book Auctions (sale: Thursday 6th March 2009, Lot: 917), LL/31588

Wilhelm Höffert, 1892-1894 (ca), Therese Malten, German soprano as Isolde - "Tristan & Isolde", Cabinet card, Private collection of T. Max Hochstetler, LL/29176

J. Wentzel (Amersfoort, Holland), 1900 (ca), Girl feeding her dog, Private collection of Jan Weijers (Servatius), Courtesy of Jan Weijers, LL/26056

J.C. Schaarwächter, 1884 (ca), Josef Kainz & Anna von Hochenburger as Romeo & Juliet, Cabinet card, Private collection of T. Max Hochstetler, LL/20754

André Adolphe-Eugène Disdéri, 1859-1861, Thiers, Carte de visite, Paul Frecker, LL/13440

W.H. Broad (3 Townwall St., Dover), n.d., Portrait of a lady with mandolin, Cabinet card, Private collection of Jerilyn Marshall, LL/32950

C.A. Gandy, n.d., Two British soldiers with a Gardner Machine Gun, Albumen print, Cowan's Auctions, Inc, Cowan Auctions, 2009, Spring Firearms Sale, April 29 - 30 (Lot: #122), LL/32125

Burton Brothers, n.d., Fiji Warrior with weapon or ceremonial object, Albumen print, 7 5/8 x 5 3/8 in, Larry Gottheim, Be-hold, Inc, Courtesy of Larry Gottheim - Be-Hold (52 / 49), LL/31016

Alary & Geiser, n.d., Portrait of an Algerian woman in studio setting with a darker-skinned woman sitting on the floor. The subservient attitude of the latter suggests she is a servant., Carte de visite, Paul Frecker, LL/18591

Bourne & Shepherd, 1870s, Begum of Bhopal, Albumen print, 350 x 260 mm, Bonhams - London, Courtesy of Bonhams, London (Sale 15313 - India and Beyond in Books and Photography, Lot 240 - 26 Oct 2007), LL/24103

Unidentified photographer, n.d., Portrait of a couple (American), Daguerreotype, whole plate, Stereographica - Antique Photographica, Courtesy of Bryan and Page Ginns (#14 / 125), LL/11139

Unidentified photographer, 1890s (ca), [three Philippine men 1890s with hunting weapons and trap], Albumen print, 10.5 x 8.5 in, Pierre Spake Fine Art, Pierre Spake Fine Art [3496], LL/7536

Félix Bonfils, 1880 (ca), Bédouines syriennes (no 644), Papier albuminé d'après négatif sur verre au collodion, 22 x 28 cm, Bibliothèque Nationale de France, Département des Estampes et de la Photographie, Acquisition 1973, LL/7797

Unidentified photographer, 1885 (ca), Goorkha Soldiers, India, Albumen print, 8.25 x 6.25 ins 210 x 160 mm, Antiq-Photo, Courtesy of Anthony Davis - Antiq-photo / Rainbow creations (www.19cPhoto.com - 3eg476), LL/8491

1884, W.H. Redshaw: Studio Accessories and Rustic Furniture, Advert, Google Books, LL/34502

1884, Marion & Co.'s Novelties, Advert, Google Books, LL/34501

1883, Marion & Co., London, Advert, Google Books, LL/34498

1882, Osborne's Patent Picturesque Foregrounds and Statuary Pedestals for Photographic Combination Printing, Advert, Google Books, LL/34496

1882, E.B. Hough Backgrounds and Accessories, Advert, Google Books, LL/34495

1878, Advert for Photographers' Posing Apparatus and Requisites, Decorative Art and Medium Furniture, Fine Piano Stools, etc. C.A. Schindler & Sons, P.O. Box 63, West Hoboken, N.J., Advert, Google Books, LL/34488

Unidentified photographer / artist, 1862, 15 December, Cartes de Visite of Celebrities, Journal page, Google Books, LL/34378