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| 1. |  | Reutlinger n.d. Jeanne de Marsy (1865-1937) Cabinet card Paul Frecker Paul Frecker provides the following comments: "Jeanne de Marsy was a successful and popular actress in Paris during the 1880's and 1890's. However, it is on her role as a model for Manet and Renoir that her fame rests. In 1881 she sat for the artist as his model for a painting entitled Spring, now in a private collection, and she appears again as one of the figures standing in the background of Manet's famous A Bar at the Folies-BergÞres, now in the Courtauld in London. She was also the subject of Renoir's Portrait of Mlle de Marsy, painted in 1882 and now in a private collection. Her real name was Anne Darlaud, and she was born in 1865, the daughter of a book-binder and a brocade maker. Her elder sister Eugénie-Marie was also an artist's model and actress. Even for sisters, they looked remarkable alike. The gossip columnists of the time remarked on how both girls were able to take on powerful protectors, while simultaneously retaining their elegant lovers. When Eugénie-Marie died in 1914, she left half a million francs to Jeanne." Photographed by of Reutlinger of 21, boulevard Montmartre, Paris. |
| 2. |  | Reutlinger n.d. Mlle Desienne Carte de visite Paul Frecker |
| 3. |  | Charles Reutlinger 1860-1870 Anna de Belocca, soprano, seen here as "Fidelio" Carte de visite Paul Frecker Anna de Belocca (1854-?) - Soprano Anna de Belocca was a soprano whose early training and career in Europe appears hidden. In 1876 she made her U.S. debut as Rosina in "The Barber of Sevilla" at the New York Academy of Music. The newspaper "Herald" gave the vocalist an enthusiastic review but readers sent angry letters objecting to the article which threw a dark cloud on the debut. De Belocca remained steadfast and sang lead roles in New York throughout the 1880s. She was best known for singing "Aida," "Carmen," and "La Favorita." New York audiences and critics were never overly kind to her. She appeared at Her Majesty's Theatre in August 1881 and was at the Bach Festival at Eisenach, Germany in September 1884. (Kindly contributed by T. Max Hochstetler, June 2007) |
| 4. |  | Reutlinger n.d. Sarah Bernhardt, actress Carte de visite Paul Frecker |
| 5. |  | Reutlinger n.d. Blanche d'Antigny, actress and courtesan Carte de visite Paul Frecker |
| 6. |  | Reutlinger n.d. Blanche d'Antigny, actress and courtesan Carte de visite Paul Frecker |
| 7. |  | Reutlinger n.d. Albert Brasseur, actor Cabinet card Paul Frecker |
| 8. |  | Charles Reutlinger 1860-1870 Carlotta Patti, soprano Carte de visite Paul Frecker Carlotta Patti (1835-1889) - Italian sprano Carlotta Patti was one of six children born to a Sicilian father and Italian mother. Her parents were involved in opera and the family moved about Europe although they were reported to be poor. Carlotta's younger sister Adelina Patti became the leading soprano of 19th century, and she is known to have been born in Madrid. Also in the talented family was sister, Amalia who sang opera and her brother Carlo who became an opera conductor in New Orleans, St. Louis and New York. Carlotta was older than her two soprano sisters and was considered less attractive in comparison to her sisters. She was born in Italy in 1835 and likely gained her training through the family's connections to opera. The Patti family moved to New York in 1847. Carlotta had a fantastic voice and abilities to reach to High G. She made her debut in 1861 in New York. Carlotta married Maurice Strakosch a Czech impresario who guided her career. Her concert tours took her across Europe and a large part of America. Richard D'Oyly Carte launched a concert agency in Charing Cross, England and negotiated engagements and concert tours for Carlotta and her younger sister, Adelina during the 1870's. Carlotta Patti died on 27 June 1889. (Kindly contributed by T. Max Hochstetler, June 2007) |
| 9. |  | Reutlinger n.d. Chavita of the Folies-BergÞres Cabinet card Paul Frecker |
| 10. |  | Reutlinger n.d. Clara Ward (Princess Caraman-Chimay) Cabinet card Paul Frecker |
| 11. |  | Charles Reutlinger 1860-1870 Fides Devriès-Adler, soprano Carte de visite Paul Frecker Fides DeVries-Adler (active 1880's) - American Soprano Fides DeVries-Adler was born in New Orleans but gained her opera fame in Paris. She is reported to have created the role of Chimene for the Paris opening of Jules Massenet's opera, "Le Cid" at Opera Comique on 30 November 1885. Appearing with her in the lead role of Rodrigue was Jean de Reszkes. It is known that she had appeared in the "Le Cid" production in Madrid at Theatre Real in 1884. Devries-Adler reportly had great international career and was especially noted for her acting abilities. (Kindly contributed by T. Max Hochstetler, June 2007) |
| 12. |  | Reutlinger n.d. Emilienne d'Alenthon, courtesan Carte de visite Paul Frecker |
| 13. |  | Reutlinger n.d. Eugénie Fougthre, singer and dancer Cabinet card Paul Frecker |
| 14. |  | Reutlinger n.d. Célestine Galli-Marié, soprano, seen here as ‘Mignon‘ Carte de visite Paul Frecker Célestine Galli-Marié (1840-1905) - French mezzo-soprano Bizet's original Carmen, Galli-Marié was born in Paris into a family of musicians in November 1840. Her stage debut was at Strasbourg in 1859. She was a stalwart of the Opéra-Comique, starring there in Ambroise Thomas's "Mignon" a role she created in 1866 and continuing to sing at the theatre for ten years after the premiere of "Carmen." The role of Carmen called for a great actor and then a great singer. Galli-Marie was endowed with a superbly beautiful voice described as a "high mezzo-soprano" and ideal for Bizet's "Carmen" which premiered in Paris on 3 March, 1875. It is the opera role which gave hallmark to her career. "Carmen" was to become the best loved opera in the world, but it was not an instant success. On the evening of the thirty-third performance, Galli-Marie collapsed as she left the stage, but she would recover to perform other stage roles. Bizet was rumored to have been infatuated with the singer, but more likely it was her excellence in performing his opera. Galli-Marie also created roles in operas by Gevaart, Guiraud, Maillart, Masse, and in Massenet's "Don Cesar de Bazan." Most of her performances were in France, Belgium and Italy. She died on 22 September 1905. (Kindly contributed by T. Max Hochstetler, June 2007) |
| 15. |  | Charles Reutlinger 1860-1870 Célestine Galli-Marié, soprano, seen here as ‘Mignon‘ Carte de visite Paul Frecker Célestine Galli-Marié (1840-1905) - French mezzo-soprano Bizet's original Carmen, Galli-Marié was born in Paris into a family of musicians in November 1840. Her stage debut was at Strasbourg in 1859. She was a stalwart of the Opéra-Comique, starring there in Ambroise Thomas's "Mignon" a role she created in 1866 and continuing to sing at the theatre for ten years after the premiere of "Carmen." The role of Carmen called for a great actor and then a great singer. Galli-Marie was endowed with a superbly beautiful voice described as a "high mezzo-soprano" and ideal for Bizet's "Carmen" which premiered in Paris on 3 March, 1875. It is the opera role which gave hallmark to her career. "Carmen" was to become the best loved opera in the world, but it was not an instant success. On the evening of the thirty-third performance, Galli-Marie collapsed as she left the stage, but she would recover to perform other stage roles. Bizet was rumored to have been infatuated with the singer, but more likely it was her excellence in performing his opera. Galli-Marie also created roles in operas by Gevaart, Guiraud, Maillart, Masse, and in Massenet's "Don Cesar de Bazan." Most of her performances were in France, Belgium and Italy. She died on 22 September 1905. (Kindly contributed by T. Max Hochstetler, June 2007) |
| 16. |  | Charles Reutlinger 1860-1870 Jean-Baptiste Faure, baritone Carte de visite Paul Frecker Jean-Baptiste Faure (15 January, 1830 - 9 November, 1914) French baritone, Jean-Baptiste Faure was born 15 January, 1830. Considered a gifted stage baritone, he excelled in dramatic presentation wth rich resonant and stylish voice. He made his debut at Paris Opera-Comique in 1852 in the Masse opera, "Galathee." He was comfortable in French and Italian operas singing lead roles in "L'Africaine," "Don Carlos," "Hamlet," "La favorite," and "Don Giovanni." Faure married Opera-Comique singer, Constance Caroline Lefebvre. Edouard Manet painted Faure's portrait twice in 1882-3. One of those portraits is in the collection of the Metropolitan Museum, New York. He was a major patron and collector of Manet and at one time owned sixty-eight paintings by the artist before selling them to Paris dealer, Durand Ruel. Faure's career ended at Paris in 1876 with his final appearance as Hamlet. Manet entered the Salon of 1877 with a portrait depicting Faure as Hamlet. It was reported that Faure was not fond of the painting and considered the pose awkward. He died 9 November, 1914. (Kindly contributed by T. Max Hochstetler, June 2007) |
| 17. |  | Léopold-Emile Reutlinger n.d. Jeanne Bourdon, opera singer Carte de visite Paul Frecker Jeanne Bourdon (career dates ca. 1909-1930) - French soprano Jeanne Bourdon made her Paris Opera debut as Brunehilde in Ernest Reyer's opera "Sigurd" on 6 December 1909. The attractive French soprano continued to sing the part of Brunehilde as she is shown at Theatre de l'Opera, Palais Garnier in August, 1925 and in that same role at Opera de Monte Carlo from 4 to 8 February, 1930. In concert at Theatre de L'Exposition des Arts Decoratif with Andre Pascal she sang "Air de Fidelio" by Beethoven, fragments of "Daphnis & Chloe" by Ravel, and "Le Crepuscule des diex" by Wagner in November, 1925. Boudon's voice is available on recordings singing arias from Halery's "LaJuive: Il Va Venir and Gounod's "Faust." (Kindly contributed by T. Max Hochstetler, June 2007) |
| 18. |  | Reutlinger n.d. Jeanne de Marsy, actress and artist's model Cabinet card Paul Frecker |
| 19. |  | Reutlinger n.d. Jeanne de Marsy, actress and artist's model Cabinet card Paul Frecker |
| 20. |  | Reutlinger n.d. Jeanne de Marsy, actress and artist's model Cabinet card Paul Frecker |
| 21. |  | Reutlinger n.d. Ferdinand de Lesseps, engineer Carte de visite Paul Frecker |
| 22. |  | Reutlinger n.d. Liane de Pougy, courtesan Cabinet card Paul Frecker |
| 23. |  | Reutlinger n.d. Franz Liszt Carte de visite Paul Frecker |
| 24. |  | Charles Reutlinger 1860-1870 Marie Roze, soprano Carte de visite Paul Frecker Marie Roze ( Marie-Hippolyte Ponsin) (1846-1926) - French Mezzo-Soprano Marie Roze (Marie-Hippolyte Ponsin) a mezzo-soprano born 2 March 1846 in France. She debuted at the Paris Opera Comique in Herold's "Marie" in 1865, and later appeared in the roles of Anne in "La Dame Blanche," as Zerlina in "Fra Diavolo," and as Marguerite in "Le Pre aux Clercs." By 1868, she was considered the most popular operatic singer in Paris. She appeared the principal part in Auber's "Le Premier Jour du Bonheur" which was especially written for her. Her first appearance at the Grand Opera in December 1869 was in the role of Marguerite in Gounod's "Faust." She traveled to London for performance in "Faust" at Her Majesty's Theatre on May 18, 1872. Director, James Henry Mapleson, offered her a five year engagement which she accepted. She later married Mapleson's oldest son Henry and a child, Raymond Roze, later produced operas at Covent Garden. During her five years in London she sang all the great roles and gained enormous popularity with the British audiences. She was best known for her roles in "Manon" and is thought to have been Bizet's first choice for "Carmen." She once sang "Ave Maria" accompanied by the Duke of Edinburgh playing the violin at Albert Hall. She joined Carl Roza traveling company to tour the U.S. Her voice was described as a "lovely soft mezzo-soprano." Marie had desired to sing the lead role in "Il Rinnegato" but the soprano part was too high for her to accomplish and it was finally sung by Emma Juch, an American born singer. Marie Roze died on 21 June 1926. (Kindly contributed by T. Max Hochstetler, June 2007) |
| 25. |  | Charles Reutlinger 1860-1870 Marie Sasse, soprano, seen here as ‘Maria Stuarda‘ Carte de visite Paul Frecker Marie Sasse (1838-1907) - Belgian soprano Marie-Constance Sasse (also known as Sax or Sass) was born at Ghent on 26 Jan 1834. The Belgian soprano studied with Ugalde. She worked as a vocalist in cafés to support her family after her father died. Making her professional debut in 1852 at Venice in the role of Gilda in Verdi's opera, "Rigoletto." She created Selika of L'Africaine singing the part for the first time on 28 Apr 1865 and Elizabeth in Don Carlos on 11 Mar 1867. Marie Sasse was the first Paris Elisabeth in "Tannhauser" production of 1861. She was well known for her temperament and it got her in trouble with Verdi who refused to let her create the role of Amneris because of it. She was married to bass Castlemary, whom she later divorced. She used the stage name of Sax for awhile until Adolphe Sax, creator of the saxophone, forced her to drop the use of that name. She died in poverty on 8 Nov 1907. (Kindly contributed by T. Max Hochstetler, June 2007) |
| 26. |  | Charles Reutlinger 1860-1870 Marie Sasse, soprano, seen here in ‘L‘Africaine‘ Carte de visite Paul Frecker Marie Sasse (1838-1907) - Belgian soprano Marie-Constance Sasse (also known as Sax or Sass) was born at Ghent on 26 Jan 1834. The Belgian soprano studied with Ugalde. She worked as a vocalist in cafés to support her family after her father died. Making her professional debut in 1852 at Venice in the role of Gilda in Verdi's opera, "Rigoletto." She created Selika of L'Africaine singing the part for the first time on 28 Apr 1865 and Elizabeth in Don Carlos on 11 Mar 1867. Marie Sasse was the first Paris Elisabeth in "Tannhauser" production of 1861. She was well known for her temperament and it got her in trouble with Verdi who refused to let her create the role of Amneris because of it. She was married to bass Castlemary, whom she later divorced. She used the stage name of Sax for awhile until Adolphe Sax, creator of the saxophone, forced her to drop the use of that name. She died in poverty on 8 Nov 1907. (Kindly contributed by T. Max Hochstetler, June 2007) |
| 27. |  | Reutlinger n.d. Adah Isaacs Menken as ‘Mazeppa‘ Carte de visite Paul Frecker |
| 28. |  | Charles Reutlinger 1860-1870 Adelina Patti, soprano Carte de visite Paul Frecker Adelina Patti (1843-1919) - Soprano Adelina Juana Maria Patti was born to a Sicilian father and Italian mother on 19 February 1843 in Madrid, Spain. She was the fourth of six chidren born into family highly involved in opera. The family moved to New York in 1847 for opera employment opportunities. Adelina as she was now known made her first appearance on the stage at age seven. At age sixteen in 1859 she made operatic debut in Donizetti's "Lucia." Her vocal range, bell-like clarity and professionalism won her critical acclaim and soon she was being offered leading soprano roles in operas by Bellini, Donizetti, Rossini, Verdi and other Italian composers. The large Italian community in New York helped to elevate her to star status in short time. In 1861, at the age of eighteen, Adelina was invited to Covent Garden in London to take the role of Amina in Bellini's "La Sonnambula." She purchased a house in Clapham, south of London and later appeared in Paris and Vienna. Patti sang "Home Sweet Home" for Abraham and Mary Lincoln who were in mourning for their son, Willie in 1862. American John Howard Payne had written the song for the opera, "Clari-The Maid of Milan," and the music was composed by British composer, Henry Rowley Bishop. Adelina Patti was associated to the song and she was asked to perform it many times. She toured to Russia and South America but continued to make Europe her homebase. She married Marquis de Caux, a frenchman in 1868. Ten years later she purchased a large Victorian estate known as Craig-y-Nos in South Wales, paying 3,500 pd. sterling, a large sum for that time. She had abandoned her husband and took up residence at Craig-y-Nos with the tenor, Ernesto Nicolini with whom she had been touring. She settled divorce with her husband paying him 64,000 pd. sterling, which indicated her wealth in 1886. She married Nicolini and added additions to home in South Wales. Touring the United States between 1886 and 1890 she was paid the equivalent of $1500 for each performance, which made her among the wealthiest women living. Heads of State sought her company wherever she traveled. She was the "international super star" of the 19th century. Adelina Patti died at home in Breconshire at the age of 76 and was buried in Paris in the Pere la Chaise Cemetery. (Kindly contributed by T. Max Hochstetler, June 2007) |
| 29. |  | Charles Reutlinger 1860-1870 Adelina Patti, soprano Carte de visite Paul Frecker Adelina Patti (1843-1919) - Soprano Adelina Juana Maria Patti was born to a Sicilian father and Italian mother on 19 February 1843 in Madrid, Spain. She was the fourth of six chidren born into family highly involved in opera. The family moved to New York in 1847 for opera employment opportunities. Adelina as she was now known made her first appearance on the stage at age seven. At age sixteen in 1859 she made operatic debut in Donizetti's "Lucia." Her vocal range, bell-like clarity and professionalism won her critical acclaim and soon she was being offered leading soprano roles in operas by Bellini, Donizetti, Rossini, Verdi and other Italian composers. The large Italian community in New York helped to elevate her to star status in short time. In 1861, at the age of eighteen, Adelina was invited to Covent Garden in London to take the role of Amina in Bellini's "La Sonnambula." She purchased a house in Clapham, south of London and later appeared in Paris and Vienna. Patti sang "Home Sweet Home" for Abraham and Mary Lincoln who were in mourning for their son, Willie in 1862. American John Howard Payne had written the song for the opera, "Clari-The Maid of Milan," and the music was composed by British composer, Henry Rowley Bishop. Adelina Patti was associated to the song and she was asked to perform it many times. She toured to Russia and South America but continued to make Europe her homebase. She married Marquis de Caux, a frenchman in 1868. Ten years later she purchased a large Victorian estate known as Craig-y-Nos in South Wales, paying 3,500 pd. sterling, a large sum for that time. She had abandoned her husband and took up residence at Craig-y-Nos with the tenor, Ernesto Nicolini with whom she had been touring. She settled divorce with her husband paying him 64,000 pd. sterling, which indicated her wealth in 1886. She married Nicolini and added additions to home in South Wales. Touring the United States between 1886 and 1890 she was paid the equivalent of $1500 for each performance, which made her among the wealthiest women living. Heads of State sought her company wherever she traveled. She was the "international super star" of the 19th century. Adelina Patti died at home in Breconshire at the age of 76 and was buried in Paris in the Pere la Chaise Cemetery. (Kindly contributed by T. Max Hochstetler, June 2007) |
| 30. |  | Charles Reutlinger 1860-1870 Adelina Patti, soprano Carte de visite Paul Frecker Adelina Patti (1843-1919) - Soprano Adelina Juana Maria Patti was born to a Sicilian father and Italian mother on 19 February 1843 in Madrid, Spain. She was the fourth of six chidren born into family highly involved in opera. The family moved to New York in 1847 for opera employment opportunities. Adelina as she was now known made her first appearance on the stage at age seven. At age sixteen in 1859 she made operatic debut in Donizetti's "Lucia." Her vocal range, bell-like clarity and professionalism won her critical acclaim and soon she was being offered leading soprano roles in operas by Bellini, Donizetti, Rossini, Verdi and other Italian composers. The large Italian community in New York helped to elevate her to star status in short time. In 1861, at the age of eighteen, Adelina was invited to Covent Garden in London to take the role of Amina in Bellini's "La Sonnambula." She purchased a house in Clapham, south of London and later appeared in Paris and Vienna. Patti sang "Home Sweet Home" for Abraham and Mary Lincoln who were in mourning for their son, Willie in 1862. American John Howard Payne had written the song for the opera, "Clari-The Maid of Milan," and the music was composed by British composer, Henry Rowley Bishop. Adelina Patti was associated to the song and she was asked to perform it many times. She toured to Russia and South America but continued to make Europe her homebase. She married Marquis de Caux, a frenchman in 1868. Ten years later she purchased a large Victorian estate known as Craig-y-Nos in South Wales, paying 3,500 pd. sterling, a large sum for that time. She had abandoned her husband and took up residence at Craig-y-Nos with the tenor, Ernesto Nicolini with whom she had been touring. She settled divorce with her husband paying him 64,000 pd. sterling, which indicated her wealth in 1886. She married Nicolini and added additions to home in South Wales. Touring the United States between 1886 and 1890 she was paid the equivalent of $1500 for each performance, which made her among the wealthiest women living. Heads of State sought her company wherever she traveled. She was the "international super star" of the 19th century. Adelina Patti died at home in Breconshire at the age of 76 and was buried in Paris in the Pere la Chaise Cemetery. (Kindly contributed by T. Max Hochstetler, June 2007) |
| 31. |  | Charles Reutlinger 1860-1870 Adelina Patti, soprano Carte de visite Paul Frecker Adelina Patti (1843-1919) - Soprano Adelina Juana Maria Patti was born to a Sicilian father and Italian mother on 19 February 1843 in Madrid, Spain. She was the fourth of six chidren born into family highly involved in opera. The family moved to New York in 1847 for opera employment opportunities. Adelina as she was now known made her first appearance on the stage at age seven. At age sixteen in 1859 she made operatic debut in Donizetti's "Lucia." Her vocal range, bell-like clarity and professionalism won her critical acclaim and soon she was being offered leading soprano roles in operas by Bellini, Donizetti, Rossini, Verdi and other Italian composers. The large Italian community in New York helped to elevate her to star status in short time. In 1861, at the age of eighteen, Adelina was invited to Covent Garden in London to take the role of Amina in Bellini's "La Sonnambula." She purchased a house in Clapham, south of London and later appeared in Paris and Vienna. Patti sang "Home Sweet Home" for Abraham and Mary Lincoln who were in mourning for their son, Willie in 1862. American John Howard Payne had written the song for the opera, "Clari-The Maid of Milan," and the music was composed by British composer, Henry Rowley Bishop. Adelina Patti was associated to the song and she was asked to perform it many times. She toured to Russia and South America but continued to make Europe her homebase. She married Marquis de Caux, a frenchman in 1868. Ten years later she purchased a large Victorian estate known as Craig-y-Nos in South Wales, paying 3,500 pd. sterling, a large sum for that time. She had abandoned her husband and took up residence at Craig-y-Nos with the tenor, Ernesto Nicolini with whom she had been touring. She settled divorce with her husband paying him 64,000 pd. sterling, which indicated her wealth in 1886. She married Nicolini and added additions to home in South Wales. Touring the United States between 1886 and 1890 she was paid the equivalent of $1500 for each performance, which made her among the wealthiest women living. Heads of State sought her company wherever she traveled. She was the "international super star" of the 19th century. Adelina Patti died at home in Breconshire at the age of 76 and was buried in Paris in the Pere la Chaise Cemetery. (Kindly contributed by T. Max Hochstetler, June 2007) |
| 32. |  | Reutlinger n.d. Adelaide Ristori, actress Carte de visite Paul Frecker |
| 33. |  | Reutlinger n.d. Rita Sangalli, dancer Carte de visite Paul Frecker |
| 34. |  | Léopold-Emile Reutlinger n.d. Marguerite Carrthre-Xanrof, soprano Cabinet card Paul Frecker Marguerite Carrere-Xanrof (active 1890s) - French soprano The French soprano, Marguerite Carrere-Xanrof made her Paris debut 24 June 1892. She is known to have sang the lead role in "Les Huguenots" at Opera Comique in June 1897. She was married to Leon Fourneau, pseudo name Leon Xanrof (1867-1953) a trained lawyer and composer/songwriter of light comic opera. Fourneau was Vice-President of a company of Authors, Typesetters & Editors of Music and he wrote mostly cabaret songs. (Kindly contributed by T. Max Hochstetler, June 2007) |
| 35. |  | Reutlinger n.d. Virginia Zucchi, ballerina Cabinet card Paul Frecker |