Chas Eisenmann, 1889, Human skeleton [Freak show exhibit], Cabinet card, Syracuse University, Ronald Becker Collection, Special Collections, LL/49402

Obermiller, 1889 (ca), Dwarf and giant juxtaposed, Cabinet card, Private collection of Robert Bogdan, Courtesy of Robert Bogdan, LL/49403

Unidentified photographer, 1932 (ca), Frances O'Connor, "armless wonder", Photographic postcard, Private collection of Robert Bogdan, Courtesy of Robert Bogdan, LL/49404

Unidentified photographer, 1870 (ca), Chang and Eng, "Siamese Twins", Carte de visite, Syracuse University, Ronald Becker Collection, Special Collections, LL/49405

Woodrow, 1910, Last of the ancient Aztecs [Freak show exhibit of children with microcephally], Photographic postcard, Private collection of Robert Bogdan, Courtesy of Robert Bogdan, LL/49406

Unidentified photographer, 1910 (ca), John Rose, legless beggar in goat cart, Photographic postcard, Private collection of Robert Bogdan, Courtesy of Robert Bogdan, LL/49407

Farnum Okeman, 1907 (ca), George Harton, A Cripple For Life., Photographic postcard, Private collection of Robert Bogdan, Courtesy of Robert Bogdan, LL/49408

Unidentified photographer, 1908 (ca), Please Help the Blind., Photographic postcard, Private collection of Robert Bogdan, Courtesy of Robert Bogdan, LL/49409

Unidentified photographer, 1895 (ca), Max Engel and his dog, Carlo, Cabinet card, Private collection of Robert Bogdan, Courtesy of Robert Bogdan, LL/49410

Unidentified photographer, 1869 (ca), L.D. Sine, blind "Gift Enterprises.", Carte de visite, Private collection of Robert Bogdan, Courtesy of Robert Bogdan, LL/49411

Unidentified photographer, 1947, Poster child, Printed postcard, Private collection of Robert Bogdan, Courtesy of Robert Bogdan, LL/49412

Unidentified photographer, 1955, Robert Young with a poster child at fund raiser, Press photo, Private collection of Robert Bogdan, Courtesy of Robert Bogdan, LL/49413

Unidentified photographer, 1958, Easter Seal poster child, Press photo, Private collection of Robert Bogdan, Courtesy of Robert Bogdan, LL/49414

Unidentified photographer, 1923, President Coolidge with World War I veteran, Press photo, Private collection of Robert Bogdan, Courtesy of Robert Bogdan, LL/49415

Unidentified photographer, 1909 (ca), Ward 3, Gowanda State Hospital for the insane, Photo postcard, Private collection of Robert Bogdan, Courtesy of Robert Bogdan, LL/49416

Unidentified photographer, 1909 (ca), Hospital ward, Gowanda State Hospital for the Insane, Photo postcard, Private collection of Robert Bogdan, Courtesy of Robert Bogdan, LL/49417

Unidentified photographer, 1921, Morning Colors [Syracuse State School for Mental Defectives], Printed photograph, Private collection of Robert Bogdan, Courtesy of Robert Bogdan, LL/49418

Unidentified photographer, 1921, Canning Factory [Syracuse State School for Mental Defectives], Printed photograph, Private collection of Robert Bogdan, Courtesy of Robert Bogdan, LL/49419

Kaplan, 1965, Ward interior. Muckraking., Magazine photograph, Syracuse University, Center on Human Policy., LL/49420

Kaplan, 1965, Ward interior with inmates. Muckraking., Magazine photograph, Syracuse University, Center on Human Policy., LL/49421

Unidentified photographer, 1904, Case C. Cretinoid [Eugenics text illustration], Book illustration, Private collection of Robert Bogdan, Courtesy of Robert Bogdan, LL/49422

Unidentified photographer, 1930, Low-grade microcephalic [Eugenics text illustration], Book illustration, Private collection of Robert Bogdan, Courtesy of Robert Bogdan, LL/49423

Unidentified photographer, 1914, Case 324, Hattie [Eugenics text illustration], Book illustration, Private collection of Robert Bogdan, Courtesy of Robert Bogdan, LL/49424

Unidentified photographer, 1904, Case D. [Eugenics text illustration], Book illustration, Private collection of Robert Bogdan, Courtesy of Robert Bogdan, LL/49425

Unidentified photographer, 1947, A group of Mongols [Eugenics text illustration], Book illustration, Private collection of Robert Bogdan, Courtesy of Robert Bogdan, LL/49426

Steinhaus (Cherokee, Iowa), 1914, The Original Buster Brown and Tige [Dwarf advertising Buster Brown shoes], Photo postcard, Pop's Postcards, Courtesy of Joel Wayne, Pop's Postcards, LL/49427

Unidentified photographer, 1891 (ca), Artificial leg advertisement [These legs are made by the Celebrated Manufacturer of Artificial Legs, A. Niehans. 167 Washington Street, Chicago, Illinois. Rubber feet with ankle joint, Cabinet card, Private collection of Robert Bogdan, Courtesy of Robert Bogdan, LL/49428

Unidentified photographer, 1910 (ca), Wheelchair advertisement, Photo postcard, Private collection of Robert Bogdan, Courtesy of Robert Bogdan, LL/49429

Unidentified photographer, 1878, Dr. Clark's Spinal Apparatus advertisement, Printed advertisement card, Private collection of Robert Bogdan, Courtesy of Robert Bogdan, LL/49430

Unidentified photographer, 1923, Lon Chaney as the Hunchback of Notre Dame, Movie still, Private collection of Robert Bogdan, Courtesy of Robert Bogdan, LL/49431

Unidentified photographer, 1925, Lon Chaney as the Phantom of the Opera, Movie still, Private collection of Robert Bogdan, Courtesy of Robert Bogdan, LL/49432

Unidentified photographer, 1939, Lon Chaney Jr. playing Lenny in Mice and Men, Movie still, Private collection of Robert Bogdan, Courtesy of Robert Bogdan, LL/49433

Unidentified photographer, 1934, Wallace Beery playing Long John Silver in Treasure Island, Movie still, Private collection of Robert Bogdan, Courtesy of Robert Bogdan, LL/49434

Unidentified photographer, 1937, Shirley Temple playing Heidi, Movie still, Private collection of Robert Bogdan, Courtesy of Robert Bogdan, LL/49435

Farrington, 1889 (ca), Studio portrait of man with cerebral palsy, Cabinet card, Private collection of Robert Bogdan, Courtesy of Robert Bogdan, LL/49436

Unidentified photographer, 1898 (ca), Family studio portrait with child in wheelchair, Tintype, Private collection of Robert Bogdan, Courtesy of Robert Bogdan, LL/49437

Unidentified photographer, 1907 (ca), Studio portrait of amputee, Photo postcard, Private collection of Robert Bogdan, Courtesy of Robert Bogdan, LL/49438

Unidentified photographer, 1910 (ca), Family studio portrait with child with cerebral palsy, Photo postcard, Private collection of Robert Bogdan, Courtesy of Robert Bogdan, LL/49439

Unidentified photographer, 1908 (ca), Family outside their home, child with Down Syndrome, Photo postcard, Michael Maslan Vintage Posters, Photographs, Postcards & Ephemera, Maslan Collection, LL/49440

Unidentified photographer, 1900 (ca), Sisters, one with developmental disability, Cabinet card, Private collection of Robert Bogdan, Courtesy of Robert Bogdan, LL/49441

Macey, 1896 (ca), Studio portrait of mother in wheelchair with daughter, Cabinet card, Private collection of Robert Bogdan, Courtesy of Robert Bogdan, LL/49442

Unidentified photographer, 1912 (ca), Studio portrait of two men, one developmentally disabled, Photo postcard, Pop's Postcards, Courtesy of Joel Wayne, Pop's Postcards, LL/49443

Unidentified photographer, 1910 (ca), Studio portrait of romantic couple, Photo postcard, Private collection of Robert Bogdan, Courtesy of Robert Bogdan, LL/49444

Unidentified photographer, 1916 (ca), Sisters on porch, one with braces, Photo postcard, Private collection of Robert Bogdan, Courtesy of Robert Bogdan, LL/49445

Unidentified photographer, 1915, Dwarf with dead deer, Photo postcard, Private collection of Robert Bogdan, Courtesy of Robert Bogdan, LL/49446

Unidentified photographer, 1912 (ca), "Blind Willie" Singing Evangelist, Photo postcard, Private collection of Robert Bogdan, Courtesy of Robert Bogdan, LL/49447

Unidentified photographer, 1912 (ca), Child with cerebral palsy in front of Christmas tree, Photo postcard, Private collection of Robert Bogdan, Courtesy of Robert Bogdan, LL/49448

Unidentified photographer, 1909, 29 January (event) 1910 (ca, taken), Henry Novak - Frozen in Storm, Photo postcard, Private collection of Robert Bogdan, Courtesy of Robert Bogdan, LL/49449

Unidentified photographer, 1908 (ca), Severely disabled person with care giver, Photo postcard, Private collection of Robert Bogdan, Courtesy of Robert Bogdan, LL/49450

Unidentified photographer, 1909 (ca), Master Handsome [Boy with hydrocephaly], Photo postcard, , LL/49451

2012, Book cover for Robert Bogdan with Martin Elks and James A. Knoll Picturing Disability: Beggar, Freak, Citizen and Other Photographic Rhetoric (Syracuse University Press, 2012), Book cover, Private collection of Robert Bogdan, Courtesy of Robert Bogdan, LL/49452