| 1861 | North America • USA
| Fort Sumter in Charleston is fired on by Confederate guns commencing the hostilities of the American Civil War (1861-1865). The fort surrenders after 33 hours of shelling and miraculously nobody on either side was killed or seriously injured. (12 April 1861) [Read about] |
| 1861 | North America • Mexico | French forces are defeated in Mexico at the Battle of Peubla. |
| 1861 | Africa • West Africa | British establish a colony at Lagos in west Africa |
| 1861 | Europe • Italy | Proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy brought about by the Risorgimento. |
| 1864 | Europe • Denmark | Prussian and Austrian forces attack Denmark. |
| 1865 | North America • USA
| President Abraham Lincoln is assassinated in the Ford Theater in Washington by John Wilkes Booth. (14 April 1865) |
| 1866 | Europe | The Austro-Prussian War leads to Austria breaking away from the German states and the establishment of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in 1867. |
| 1867 | North America • Mexico | Emperor Maximillan I is executed by firing squad in Mexico. This event was immortalized in the paintings of Édouard Manet (1832–1883). |
| 1867 | Europe | Austro-Hungarian Empire established |
| 1869 | Middle East • Egypt
| The Suez Canal opens for traffic. |
| 1871 | Europe • France
| Paris Commune (18 March 1871) [Read about]
Title | Lightbox | Checklist |
| 1871 | Europe | German Empire established |
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