| 1841 | Central America | Frederick Catherwood (1799–1854) and John Lloyd Stephens (1805–1852) publish Incidents of Travel in Central America, Chiapas, and Yucatan. |
| 1848 | North America • USA
| Start of the Gold Rush with the vast movements of migrants leading to the establishment of California in 1850. |
| 1851 | Europe • Great Britain | The Great Exhibition of the Works of Industry of All Nations at Hyde Park in London promoted by Prince Albert and Queen Victoria. Louis Jules Duboscq exhibits a Brewster stereograph viewer and it attracts the attention of Queen Victoria. |
| 1852 | North America • USA | Uncle Tom's Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe (1811–1896) is published. |
| 1853 | North America • USA | New York Exhibition of the Industry of All Nations |
| 1854 | Asia • Japan | Japan is opened to outside influences through the actions of Commodore Matthew Perry and his naval expeditions. |
| 1854 | North America • USA | Henry David Thoreau (1817–1862) publishes Walden, or, Life in the Woods. |
| 1859 | Europe • Great Britain
| Charles Darwin publishes The Origin of Species |
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