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In the Daguerreotype days there was a "portrait factory" on Broadway, where likenesses were turned out as fast as coining, for the small charge of twenty-five cents a head. The arrangements for such rapid work were very complete. I had a dollar's worth of these "factory" portraits. At the desk I paid my money, and received four tickets, which entitled me to as many sittings when my turn came. I was shown into a waiting room crowded with people. The customers were seated on forms placed round the room, sidling their way to the entrance of the operating room, and answering the cry of "the next" in much the same manner that people do at our public baths. I being "the next," at last went into the operating room, where I found the operator stationed at the camera which he never left all day long, except occasionally to adjust a stupid sitter. He told the next to "Sit down" and "Look thar," focussed, and, putting his hand into a hole in the wall which communicated with the "coating room," he found a dark slide ready filled with a sensitized plate, and putting it into the camera, "exposed," and saying "that will dew," took the dark slide out of the camera, and shoved it through another hole in the wall communicating with the mercury or developing room. This was repeated as many times as I wanted sittings, which he knew by the number of tickets I had given to a boy in the room, whose duty it was to look out for "the next," and collect the tickets. The operator had nothing to do with the preparation of the plates, developing, fixing, or finishing of the picture. He was responsible only for the "pose" and "time," the "developer" checking and correcting the latter occasionally by crying out "Short" or "Long" as the case might be. Having had my number of "sittings," I was requested to leave the operating room by another door which opened into a passage that led me to the "delivery desk " where, in a few minutes, I got all my four portraits fitted up in "matt, glass, and preserver," the pictures having been passed from the developing room to the "gilding," room thence to the "fitting room" and the "delivery desk," where I received them. Thus they were all finished and carried away without the camera operator ever having seen them. Three of the four portraits were as fine Daguerreotypes as could be produced anywhere. Ambrotypes, or "Daguerreotypes on glass," as some called them, were afterwards produced in much the same manufacturing manner.

Visit to Plumbe's Gallery
 
Among the "lions" of the great American metropolis, New York City, is the Picture Gallery at the upper corner of Murray street and Broadway, commonly known as Plumbe's Daguerreotype establishment. Puffs, etc., out of the question, this is certainly a great establishment! You will see more life there—more variety, more human nature, more artistic beauty, (for what created thing can surpass that masterpiece of physical perfection, the human face?) than in any spot we know of. The crowds continually coming and going—the fashionable belle, the many distinguished men, the idler, the children—these alone are enough to occupy a curious train of attention. But they are not the first thing. To us, the pictures address themselves before all else.
 
What a spectacle! In whatever direction you turn your peering gaze, you see naught but human faces! There they stretch, from floor to ceiling—hundreds of them. Ah! what tales might those pictures tell if their mute lips had the power of speech! How romance then, would be infinitely outdone by fact. Here is one now—a handsome female, apparently in a bridal dress. She was then, perhaps, just married. Her husband has brought her to get her likeness; and a fine one he must have had, if this is a correct duplicate of it. Is he yet the same tender husband? Another, near by, is the miniature of an aged matron, on whose head many winters have deposited their snowy semblance. But what a calm serene bearing! How graceful she looks in her old age!
 
Even as you go in by the door, you see the withered features of a man who has occupied the proudest place on earth: you see the bald head of John Quincy Adams, and those eyes of dimmed but still quenchless fire. There too, is the youngest of the Presidents, Mr. Polk. From the same case looks out the massive face of Senator Benton. Who is one of his nearest neighbors? No one less than the Storm-King of the piano, De Meyer. Likewise Chancellor Kent and Alexander H. Everett.
 
Persico's statuary of the drooping Indian girl, and the male figure up-bearing a globe, is in an adjoining frame, true as the marble itself. Thence, too, beams down the Napoleon-looking oval face of Ole Bull, with his great dreamy eyes. Among the others in the same connection, (and an odd connection, enough!) are Mrs. Polk, her niece Miss Walker, Marble the comedian, Mayor Mickle, George Vandenhoff, Mrs. Tyler, and Mr. Buen, a most venerable white-haired ancient, (we understand, just dead!) On another part of the wall, you may see Mrs. J. C. Calhoun, the venerable Mesdames Hamilton and Madison, and Miss Alice Tyler. There, also, are Mike Walsh—Robert Owen, with his shrewd Scotch face, but benevolent look—Horace Greeley—the "pirate" Babe—Grant Thorborn—Audubon, the ornithologist, a fiery-eyed old man and Mr. Plumbe himself. Besides these, of course, are hundreds of others. Indeed, it is little else on all sides of you, than a great legion of human faces—human eyes gazing silently but fixedly upon you, and creating the impression of an immense Phantom concourse—speechless and motionless, but yet realities. You are indeed in a new world—a peopled world, though mute as the grave. We don't know how it is with others, but we could spend days in that collection, and find enough enjoyment in the thousand human histories, involved in those daguerreotypes.
 
There is always, to us, a strange fascination, in portraits. We love to dwell long upon them—to infer many things, from the text they preach—to pursue the current of thoughts running riot about them. It is singular what a peculiar influence is possessed by the eye of a well-painted miniature or portrait.—It has a sort of magnetism. We have miniatures in our possession, which we have often held, and gazed upon the eyes in them for the half-hour! An electric chain seems to vibrate, as it were, between our brain and him or her preserved there so well by the limner's cunning. Time, space, both are annihilated, and we identify the semblance with the reality.—And even more than that. For the strange fascination of looking at the eyes of a portrait, sometimes goes beyond what comes from the real orbs themselves.
 
Plumbe's beautiful and multifarious pictures all strike you, (whatever their various peculiarities) with their naturalness, and the life-look of the eye—that soul of the face! In all his vast collection, many of them thrown hap-hazard, we notice not one that has a dead eye. Of course this is a surpassing merit. Nor is it unworthy of notice, that the building is fitted up by him in many ranges of rooms, each with a daguerrian operator; and not merely as one single room, with one operator, like other places have. The greatest emulation is excited; and persons or parties having portraits taken, retain exclusive possession of one room, during the time.

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Major General Z. Taylor.
 
War Department, October 5, 1846.
 
Sir: By a joint resolution of Congress, approved July 16th, the President is authorized and requested to have a medal of gold procured, with appropriate devices and inscriptions thereon presented to you in the name of the republic, as a tribute due to your good conduct, valor, and generosity to the vanquished. Preparations are being made to carry this resolution into effect, and the only difficulty that seems to present itself is the want of a faithful bust likeness of yourself, in order to enable the artist to prepare the die. It is possible that you may have a faithful miniature likeness of yourself, which could be made use of for this purpose: if so, and you will direct it to be sent to this department, it shall be taken good care of and safely returned to you. If you have no such likeness, it is suggested that one may be taken by a competent artist and forwarded to the department the expense of which will be defrayed by the government. It is believed that a daguerreotype likeness would answer every purpose. and insure a faithful resemblance.
 
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
W. L. MARCY,
Secretary of War.
 
Major General Z. Taylor, Commanding Army of Occupation, Monterey, Mexico.

"Every sitter for a portrait, every building, every landscape, every animal, and every other subject has one view prettier than any other view. Find out the point of sight and there fix your camera for still life; and for a portrait adjust the position by your sitter's chair, and inclining his person to the natural position wanted. Educated people give but little trouble, as they are accustomed to good positions, but sometimes there are except ions, for nervous people assume the forced position; and sometimes the operator gives so many cautions that the sitter is frightened out of naturalness. Take the portrait without cautions, and if the sitter is wrong correct the pose quietly; for the mind of every sitter is. as sensitive as your sensitive plate, and a natural likeness is only to be got when the mind is naturally composed.
 
"Do not try to make a mechanic look like a gentleman, or a domestic servant to appear as an authoress with book and pen. You might as well pose an agricultural labourer to look like Byron. A mechanic may be as good a gentleman in his line of life as the best aristocrat is in his grade of society, but how ridiculous to caricature a sitter! Besides, all sitters want likenesses of themselves and not to be immortalised in an appearance which they never had but once in their lives."

Patrons will please remember that dark drapery, such as black, brown, green and the darker shades of red, make the the clearest looking pictures. Blue, pink, purple, and the light shades of red take light.
 
Clear sunny days are best for taking Babies and small children.

Posing For A Photograph.—Don't wear a silk frock. Nothing comes out so badly as the gloss of satin or glimpses of silk. Instead choose wool or velvet. If you are young, wear a white gown. Remember that gray takes white, and yellow or tan becomes black, so that with your white gown you must have white gloves. Lace always comes out very well, and furs are artistic. Do not fix your hair in any elaborate way, and remember you are posing as a lady and not as an actress. If you have any freckles the artist will, if he is a good one, spot them out, and if your hair is really light, put a little powder on it with powder-muff, and it will take its natural color.
 
Unless you are one of the people who can smile naturally to order, do not attempt to look pleasant, for the result is too often that seen in the picture of somebody just sitting down in the dentist's chair. For a full-length picture, throw your body, from the waist up, a little bit forward. Remember that a bonnet in fashion to-day will be out of style a year from now, and that, unless your pictures are only for the time, it is better to have them taken without a chapeau, says the Albany Journal. If you want to see a picture that could nowhere be mistaken but for that of a lady, look at those of the Duchess of Fife—not pretty, but refined looking. She inherited much of her mother's good sense, so that she has a photograph taken in a simple woolen gown, standing beside her husband, not in a dramatic fashion, but just as a lady might and does stand.

"When I have had such men before my camera my whole soul has endeavored to do its duty towards them in recording faithfully the greatness of the inner as well as the features of the outer man. The photograph thus taken has been almost the embodiment of a prayer." (Julia Margaret Cameron)

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Photography And Garibaldi. Mr. G. A. Sala, in a recent letter in the Telegraph, has a graphic word-photograph on Garibaldi, in commenting on the sun-pictures of the Italian hero. He says: "Photography has not done him justice. The sun, like calumny and the calumniator's favourite weapon, the frying-pan, blackens all with whom his rays, through the medium of the camera, come in contact. In the cartes de visite Garibaldi looks sombre, meagre, and worn. I was surprised to see a hearty, jovial man, with a great blonde beard. But for the eyeglass he used, and the stick he carried, there were no traces visible of the waves of time which have dashed against him, or of the cruel bullet which struck him at Aspromonte. He gave me his hand, and a hearty, sailor-like grip into the bargain; and if it be snobbish to have wished to kiss that horny paw, I am glad to have been, for once in my life at all events, a snob most egregious. A thousand times must it have been remarked in print that the aspect of Garibaldi is as that of a Lion. But no other simile will serve. ' Sorriso di madre, riguardo di leone,' the Italians say of him. His port and mien are, of a truth, thoroughly leonine ; but the ' sorriso di madre,' the ' mother's smile,' comes ever him when he converses familiarly, when he calls to some member of his staff, or, best of all, when he sees the boy volunteers, the hope and promise of Italy, passing before him. And there surely was never a countenance so thoroughly translucent, and from whose eyes there beamed so strongly the light of tho soul within the soul of a just and upright man, quietly striving to do his duty."

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“The photographs, taken from life, expressly for this publication, are produced in an absolutely permanent form by means of the Woodbury Process. – Whilst modifying on the one hand the crudeness which more or less is inseparable from the camera image, and correcting the untruthful rendering of colour which occasionally occurs, I have endeavoured on the other to retain the character and individuality of each subject […].”

First series (1876)   H.R.H. The Prince of Wales [Albert Edward, 1901-1910 King Edward VII; 1841-1910], frontispiece   The Earl of Dufferin, Governor-General of Canada [Frederick Hamilton-Temple Blackwood, 1st Marquess of Dufferin and Ava; 1826-1902], pl. 1   Sir Edward Shepherd Creasy, M.A., Late Chief Justice of Ceylon [1812-1878], pl. 2   Sir Richard Baggallay, Judge of the Supreme Court of Appeal [1816-1888], pl. 3   Captain Richard [Francis] Burton [African explorer, diplomat, etc.; 1821-1890], pl. 4   The Right Hon. Spencer Horatio Walpole, M.P. [1806-1898], pl. 5   Sir Michael Hicks-Beach, [Bart.] Chief Secretary for Ireland [1st Earl St Aldwyn; The Viscount St Aldwyn; 1837-1916], pl. 6   Lord Lytton, Viceroy of India [Edward Robert Bulwer-Lytton; 1831-1891], pl. 7   Sir John Walker Huddleston, Baron of the Exchequer [1817-?], pl. 8   Samuel Plimsoll, M.P., “The Sailor’s Friend” [1824-1898], pl. 9   Sir Garnet Joseph Wolseley, K.C.B., G.C.M.G., Major-General [1833-1913], pl. 10   The Right Rev. John Jackson, D.D., Lord Bishop of London [1811-1886], pl. 11   Lord James [4th Baron] Talbot de Malahide, President of the Royal Archaeological Institute [1805-1883], pl. 12   His Eminence Cardinal Henry Edward Manning, Archbishop of Westminster [1808-1892], pl. 13   James Anthony Froude, M.A., LL.D, Historian [1818-1894], pl. 14   Henry Fawcett, M.P., Professor of Political Economy at Cambridge [1833-1884], pl. 15   The Right Hon. Lord Chelmsford [Sir Frederic Thesiger, 1st Baron Chelmsford; 1794-1879], pl. 16   The Right Rev. Charles J. [John] Ellicott, D.D., Lord Bishop of Gloucester and Bristol [1819-1905], pl. 17   The Right Hon. Henry Bouverie William Brand, Speaker of the House of Commons [1st Viscount Hampden; 1814-1892], pl. 18   John Everett Millais, Royal Academician [1829-1896], pl. 19   The Rev. F. W. [Frederick William] Farrar, D.D., F.R.S., Canon of Westminster [1831-1903], pl. 20   Lord George [Francis] Hamilton, Under-Secretary of State for India [M.P.; 1845-1927], pl. 21   The Right Hon. Lord Selbourne, Ex-Lord High Chancellor of England [Roundell Palmer, 1st Earl of Selbourne; 1812-1895], pl. 22   The Right Hon. Bartle Edward Frere, Bart., G.C.B. [1815-1884], pl. 23   The Hon. Sir Charles Hall, Judge of the High Court of Justice [1814-1883], pl. 24   The Right Rev. Edward Harold Browne, D.D., Lord Bishop of Winchester [1811-1891], pl. 25   Charles Jean Marie Loyson, “Père Hyacinthe” [1827-1912], pl. 26   Sir James Macnaghten [McGarel] Hogg, K.C.B., Chairman of the Metropolitan Board of Works [1823-1890], pl. 27   The Right Hon. The [7th] Earl of Shaftesbury, K.G. [Anthony Ashley-Cooper, Lord Ashley; 1801-1885], pl. 28   The Right Hon. Lord Redesdale, Charman of Committees of the House of Lords [John Thomas Freeman Mitford; 1805-1886], pl. 29   The Ven. George Anthony Denison, Archdeacon of Taunton [1805-1896], pl. 30   The Right Hon. John Bright, M.P. for Birmingham [1811-1889], pl. 31   The Right Rev. Monsignor [Thomas John] Capel, D.D., Rector of the Catholic University College [1836-1911], pl. 32   The Right Hon. William Francis Cowper-Temple, M.P. for South Hampshire [1811-1888], pl. 33   His Grace The Duke of Abercorn, K.G., Lord Lieutnant of Ireland [James Hamilton, 1811-1885], pl. 34   The Most Reverend Archibald Campbell Tait, D.D., Archbishop of Canterbury [1811-1882], pl. 35   W. H. [William Howard] Russell, Esq., LL.D. [1820-1907], pl. 36   Second series (1877)   Frederick Leighton, Esq., Royal Academician [1st Baron Leighton; 1830-1896], pl. 1   Richard Durnford, D.D., Bishop of Chichester [1802-1895], pl. 2   John Tyndall, D.C.L., LL.D., F.R.S., Professor of Natural Philosophy in the Royal Institution [1820-1893], pl. 3   The Right Hon. Sir Robert J. [Joseph] Phillimore, D.C.L., Judge of the High Court of Justice [1st Baronet; 1810-1885], pl. 4   The Rev. Newman Hall, LL.B. [clergyman, 1816-1902], pl. 5   The Right Hon. Lord Winmarleigh [Col. John Wilson-Patten, 1st Baron Winmarleigh; 1802-1892], pl. 6   Comte Victor Marie Hugo, poet, dramatist, and novelist [1802-1885.- Portrait photograph is by Etienne Carjat ], pl. 7   Sir John Hawkshaw, F.R.S., Civil Engineer [1811-1891], pl. 8   Mr. William Black, novelist [1841-1898], pl. 9   The Most Noble The Marquis of Salisbury, Secretary of State for India [Lord Robert (Gascoyne-) Cecil, Viscount Cranborne; 1830-1903], pl. 10   The Late Sir William Ferguson, Bart., F.R.S., Serjeant-Surgeon to the Queen [1st Baronet; 1808-1877], pl. 11   Admiral Sir Richard Collinson, K.C.B., F.R.G.S., Deputy-Master of The Trinity House [1811-1883], pl. 12   The Right Hon. Sir Stafford Henry Northcote, Bart., M.P., Chancellor of the Exchequer [1818-1887], pl. 13   The Right Hon. Lyon Playfair, C.B., LL.D., F.R.S. [1819-1898], pl. 14   Sir George Biddell Airy, K.C.B., F.R.S., Astronomer Royal [1801-1892], pl. 15   The Right Hon. Austen Henry Layard, D.C.L., Ambassador at Constantinople [1817-1894], pl. 16   Sir William Vernon Harcourt, Q.C., M.P., Professor of International Law at Cambridge [1827-1904], pl. 17   James Nasmyth, Engineer and Astronomer [1808-1890], pl. 18   Sir Joseph Bazalgette, C.B., Engineer to the Metropolitan Board of Works [1819-1891], pl. 19   The Hon. Sir William R. Grove, D.C.L., F.R.S., Judge of the High Court of Justice [1811-1896], pl. 20   Sir Henry Cole, K.C.B. [1808-1882], pl. 21   Sir John Lubbock, Bart., M.P., F.R.S. [1834-1913], pl. 22   James Sant, Esq., R.A., Principal Painter in ordinary to the Queen [1820-1916], pl. 23   M. Jules [Gabriel] Verne, French novelist [1828-1905; photo by Antoine Samuel Adam-Salomon], pl. 24   Sir Rutherford Alcock, K.C.B., D.C.L., President of the Royal Geographical Society [1809-1897], pl. 25   The Right Rev. George Moberly, D.C.L., Lord Bishop of Salisbury [1803-1885], pl. 26   Thomas Woolner, Esq., R.A., Professor of Sculpture in the Royal Academy [1825-1892], pl. 27   Sir John Gilbert, R.A., President of the Society of Painters in Water-Colours [1817-1897], pl. 28   Dr. Heinrich Schliemann, the Homeric archaeologist [1822-1890], pl. 29   The Hon. Sir Henry Hawkins, Judge of the High Court of Justice [1st Baron Brompton; 1816 (correct: 1817)-1907], pl. 30   The Right Hon. Sir William Baliol Brett, Judge of the Court of Appeal [1st Viscount Esher; 1817-1899], pl. 31   The Rev. Robert Gregory, M.A., Canon residentiary of St. Paul’s [1819-1911], pl. 32   Captain Frederick Burnaby, of the Royal Horse Guards [1842-1885], pl. 33   The Right Rev. William Connor Magee, D.D., Bishop of Peterborough [1821-1891]. pl. 34   The Right Hon. George Joachim Goschen, M.P. for the City of London [1st Viscount Goschen; 1831-1907], pl. 35   M. Paul Gustave Doré [1832-1883], pl. 36   Third series (1878)   The Most Reverend William Thomson, D.D., Archbishop of York [1819-1890], pl. 1   Anthony Trollope, Esq. [1815-1882], pl. 2   Sir George Strong Nares, K.C.B. [1831-1915], pl. 3   The Right Hon. Lord John [James Robert] Manners, M.P., Postmaster-General [7th Duke of Rutland; 1818-1906], pl. 4   Richard Redgrave, Esq., R. A. [1804-1888], pl. 5   The Right Hon. Stephen Cave, M.P., Paymaster-General [1820-1880], pl. 6   The Right Hon. Lord Airey, G.C.B. [General Richard Airey, 1st Baron Airey; 1803-1881], pl. 7   The Right Hon. [William] Edward Forster, M.P. [1818-1886], pl. 8   Joseph Durham, Esq., A.R.A., sculptor [1813 (1814?)-1877] , pl. 9   The Right Hon. [1st] Viscount Cardwell [Edward Cardwell; 1813-1886], pl. 10   The Right Rev. Alfred Ollivant, D.D., Bishop of Llandaff [1798-1882], pl. 11   Edward Matthew Ward, Esq., Royal Academician [1816-1879], pl. 12   Frederick Goodall, Esq., R.A. [1822-1904], pl. 13   The Right Hon. Viscount Sandon, M.P., President of the Board of Trade [Dudley Francis Stuart Ryder, 3rd Earl of Harrowby; 1831-1900], pl. 14   John Scott Russell, Esq., F.R.S., Civil Engineer and Naval Architect [1808-1882], pl. 15   The Right Rev. James Fraser, D.D., Bishop of Manchester [1818-1885], pl. 16   The Right Hon. George [Limbrey] Sclater-Booth, M.P., President of the Local Government Board [1826-1894], pl. 17   Thomas Webster, Esq., R.A. [1800-1886], pl. 18   Vice-Admiral Sir Francis Leopold McClintock [Francis Leopold M'Clintock], Kt., F.R.S., D.C.L., LL.D., &c. [explorer who three times went in search of Franklin's expedition in the Arctic; 1819-1907], pl. 19   Goldwin Smith, LL.D., M.A. [1823-1910], pl. 20   Henry Tanworth Wells, Esq., R.A. [1828-1903], pl. 21   Richard Owen, Esq., C.B., M.D., D.C.L., LL.D., F.R.S. [1804-1892], pl. 22   Frederick [Friedrich] Max Müller, M.A., LL.D., Professor of Comparative Philology at Oxford [1823-1900], pl. 23   George Edmund Street, Esq., R.A., F.S.A., Architect [1824-1881], pl. 24   Lord Napier of Magdala, G.C.B., G.C.S.I. [Field Marshall Robert Cornelis Napier; 1810-1890] , pl. 25   William Calder Marshall; R.A., Sculptor [1813-1894], pl. 26   The Rev. Charles Old Goodford, D.D., Provost of Eton College [1812-1884], pl. 27   The Right Hon. Hugh Culling Eardley Childers, M.P., F.R.S. [1827-1896], pl. 28   Andrew Clark, M.D., Senior Physician to the London Hospital [1st Baronet; 1826-1893], pl. 29   John Stainer, M.A., Mus.Doc., Organist of St. Paul’s Cathedral [1840-1901], pl. 30   The Right Rev. James Atlay, D.D., Bishop of Hereford [1817-1894], pl. 31   Commander Verney Lovett Cameron, C.B., D.C.L., African Explorer [1844-1894] , pl. 32   Edward Armitage, R.A., Professor and Lecturer on Painting to the Royal Academy [1817-1896], pl. 33   The Right Hon. Robert Lowe [1st Viscount Sherbrooke], M.P. [1811-1892] , pl. 34   Sir William Withey Gull, Bart., M.D., D.C.L., F.R.S. [1816-1890], pl. 35   Charles Robert Darwin, LL.D., F.R.S. [1809-1882], pl. 36   Fourth series (1880)   His Imperial Highness the Crown Prince of Germany [Friedrich Wilhelm Nikolaus Karl von Hohenzollern; in 1888 Friedrich III, German Emperor; 1831-1888], frontispiece   The Right Hon. Richard Assheton Cross, M.P., Secretary of State for the Home Department [1st Viscount Cross; 1823-1914], pl. 1   The Right Rev. Edward White Benson, D.D., Lord Bishop of Truro [1829-1896], pl. 2   William Gifford Palgrave [F.R.G.S, RAS; 1826-1888], pl. 3   The Very Reverend Arthur Penrhyn Stanley, D.D., F.R.S., Dean of Westminster [1815-1881], pl. 4   The Hon. Sir John Mellor, Judge of the High Court of Justice [1809-1887], pl. 5   John Hall Gladstone, Esq., Ph.D., F.R.S., President of the Chemical Society [1827-1902], pl. 6   The Reverend Joseph Barber Lightfoot, D.D., Bishop Designate of Durham [1828-1889], pl. 7   Sir Samuel White Baker, M.A., F.R.S., F.R.S.A., F.R.G.S., African Explorer [1821-1893], pl. 8   Erskine Nicol, Esq., A.R.A. [1825-1904], pl. 9   James Russell Woodford, D.D., Bishop of Ely [1820-1885], pl. 10   The Right Hon. Sir Fitz-Roy [Fitzroy] Edward Kelly, Lord Chief Baron of the Exchequer [1796-1880], pl. 11   Edward Frankland, D.C.L., Ph.D., F.R.S., Professor of Chemistry in the Royal School of Mines [1825-1899], pl. 12   Sir Charles Reed, LL.D., F.S.A., Chairman of the London School Board [1819-1881], pl. 13   Rev. Charles Haddon Spurgeon, Pastor of the Metropolitan Tabernacle [1834-1892], pl. 14   The Right Hon. Sir William Milbourne James, Lord Justice of the Court of Appeal [1807-1881], pl. 15   The Right Hon. and Right Rev. Lord Arthur Charles Hervey, D.D., Bishop of Bath and Wells [1808-1894], pl. 16   Edward John Poynter, Esq., Royal Academician [1836-1919], pl. 17   Kuo Sung-Tao [Kuo Tajen; Guo Songtao], First Chinese Envoy to Great Britain [1818-1891], pl. 18   The Right Hon. Lord Penzance, Judge of the Court of Arches [James Plaisted Wilde, 1st Baron Penzance; 1816-1899], pl. 19   Sir Francis Philip Cunliffe-Owen, K.C.M.G., C.B., Director of the South Kensington Museum [1828-1894], pl. 20   William Powell Frith, Esq., Royal Academician [1819-1909], pl. 21   Henry Morton Stanley, Esq., African Explorer [1840 (correct: 1841)-1904], pl. 22   The Right Hon. Lord Augustus Loftus, G.C.B., Governor of New South Wales [Augustus William Frederick Spencer; 1817-1904], pl. 23   Walter William Ouless, Esq. A.R.A., Portrait Painter [1848-1933], pl. 24   Thomas Henry Huxley, LL.D., Ph.D., F.R.S., Professor of Natural History in the Royal School of Mines [1825-1895], pl. 25   The Hon. Sir Henry Manisty, Judge of the High Court of Justice [1808-1890], pl. 26   [Myles] Birket [Birkett] Foster, Member of the Water-Colour Society [1825-1899], pl. 27   The Right Hon. Alfred Henry Thesiger, Lord Justice of Appeal [1838-1880], pl. 28   William Bowman, F.R.S. [1st Baronet; 1816-1892], pl. 29   Thomas Faed, R.A. [1826-1900], pl. 30   The Hon. Sir Anthony Cleasby, Judge of the High Court of Justice [1804-1879], pl. 31   James Clark [Clarke] Hook, R.A. [1819-1907], pl. 32   The Right Hon. Sir Robert Porrett Collier [1st Baron Monkswell], Judge of the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council [1817-1886], pl. 33   The Right Honourable The [4th] Earl of Carnarvon, [Henry Howard Molyneux Herbert], President of the Society of Antiquaries [1831-1890], pl. 34   Thomas Hughes, Q.C. [1823 (?1822)-1896], pl. 35   The Very Rev. Edward Meyrick Goulburn, D.D., Dean of Norwich [1818-1897], pl. 36

Fifth series (1881)   The Right Hon. The [1st] Earl of Beaconsfield, K.G., Prime Minister of England [Benjamin Disraeli; 1804-1881], pl. 1   Charles Rivers Wilson, Esq., C.B. [1831-1916], pl. 2   Major John Rouse Merriott Chard, R.E., V.C. [1847-1897], pl. 3   William Hepworth Dixon, Historian and traveller [1821-1879], pl. 4   The Right Hon. [1st] Earl Cairns, Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain [Hugh McCalmont Cairns; 1819-1885], pl. 5   The Right Hon. John Arthur Roebuck, M.P. [1801 (correct: 1802) -1879], pl. 6   His Grace The [7th] Duke of Marlborough, K.G., Lord Lieutnant of Ireland [John Winston Spencer-Churchill, 1822-1883], pl. 7   William Harrison Ainsworth [1805-1882], pl. 8   The Hon. Sir Henry Charles Lopes [1st Baron Ludlow], Judge of the High Court of Justice [1828-1899], pl. 9   The Hon. Sir Charles Edward Pollock, Senior Baron of the Exchequer Division, and a Judge of the High Court of Justice [1823-1897], pl. 10   Wikie Collins, Esq., Novelist and Dramatist [1824-1889], pl. 11   Sir Julius Benedict, Musical Composer [1804-1885], pl. 12   The Right Hon. Sir George Jessel, Master of the Rolls [1824-1883], pl. 13   Vicat Cole, A.R.A., Landscape Painter [1833-1893], pl. 14   Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker, K.C.S.I, C.B., M.D., F.R.S., etc., Director of the Royal Gardens at Kew [1817-1911], pl. 15   The Right Hon. Sir Robert Lush, Judge of the High Court of Justice [1807-1881], pl. 16   Robert Browning, M.A., LL.D., Poet and Dramatist [1812-1889], pl. 17   William Charles Thomas Dobson, Royal Aacdemician [1817-1898], pl. 18   William Dalrymple Maclagan, D.D., Bishop of Lichfield [1826-1910], pl. 19   The Rev. Henry Parry Liddon, D.D., D.C.L., Canon of St. Paul’s [1929-1890], pl. 20   Joseph Cowen, M.P. [1831 (1829?)-1900], pl. 21   Sir Charles Wentworth Dilke, Bart., M.P., Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affiars [2nd Baronet; 1843-1911], pl. 22   Tom Taylor, Dramatist and Critic [1817-1880], pl. 23   Lawrence Alma-Tadema, Royal Academician [1836-1912], pl. 24   The Right Hon. [1st] Viscount Cranbrook, G.C.S.I. [Earl of Cranbrook (1892), Gathorne Gathorne-Hardy; 1814-1906], pl. 25   The Hon. Sir Edward Fry, Judge of the High Court of Justice [1827-1918], pl. 26   Hormuzd Rassam, F.R.G.S. [1826-1910], pl. 27   The Right Hon. Joseph Chamberlain, M.P., President of the Board of Trade [1836-1914], pl. 28   Sir Henry Bessemer, C.E., F.R.S. [1813-1898], pl. 29   George Alexander Macfarren, Mus.Doc. [1813-1887], pl. 30   The Right Hon. William Henry Smith, M.P. [1825-1891], pl. 31   The Right Hon. Sir Henry Cotton, Lord Justice of Appeal [1821-1892], pl 32   Alfred Elmore, Royal Academician [1815-1881], pl. 33   The Right Hon. The [15th] Earl of Derby [Edward Henry Stanley; 1826-1893], pl. 34   The Right Rev. Anthony Wilson Thorold, D.D., Bishop of Rochester [Winchester] [1825 (1826?)-1895], pl. 35   Sir Theodore Martin, K.C.B. [1816-1909], pl. 36   Sixth series (1882)   The Right Hon. William Ewart Gladstone, M.P., Prime Minister [1809-1898], pl. 1   The Very Rev. Charles John Vaughan, D.D., Dean of Llandaff, and Master of the Temple [1816-1897], pl. 2   Sir Henry Thompson [entry incomplete; 1820-1904], pl. 3   Sir Henry Creswicke Rawlinson, K.C.B., F.R.S., LL,D., and D.C.L. [1810-1895], pl. 4   Sir John Fowler, Esq., Past President of the Institution of Civil Engineers [1817-1898], pl. 5   William Quiller Orchardson, Esq., Royal Academician [1838 (correct: 1832)-1910], pl. 6   The Right Hon. Major-General Lord Chelmsford, G.C.B. [Frederic Augustus Thesiger, 2nd Baron Chelmsford; 1827-1905], pl. 7   John Pettie, Royal Academician [1839-1839], p. 8   The Right Rev. James Colquhoun Campbell, DD., Bishop of Bangor [1813-1895], pl. 9   The Right Hon. [2nd] Earl Granville, K.G., Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs [Granville George Leveson-Gower; 1815-1891], pl. 10   The Very Rev. Richard William Church, M.A., Dean of St. Paul’s [1815-1890], pl. 11   George Dunlop Leslie, Royal Academician [1835-1921], p. 12   Sir Wilfrid Lawson, Bart., M.P. for Carlisle [2nd Baronet of Brayton; 1829-1906], pl. 13   The Hon. Sir James Fitzjames Stephen, K.C.S.I., D.C.L., Judge of the High Court of Justice [1st Baronet Stephen; 1829-1894], pl. 14   Philip Hermogenes Calderon, Esq., Royal Academician [1833-1898], pl. 15   The Hon. George Denman, Judge of the High Court of Justice [1819-1896], pl. 16   General Sir Daniel Lysons, K.C.B. [1816-1898], pl. 17   Samuel Morley, M.P. [1809-1886], pl. 18   Sir William George Armstrong, F.R.S. [1st Baron Armstrong; 1810-1900], pl. 19   George Frederick Watts, Esq., Royal Academician [1817-1904], pl. 20   Sir George Job Elvey, Mus. Doc., Musical Composer [1816-1893], pl. 21   [6th] Duke of Richmond and [1st Duke of] Gordon, K.G. [Charles Henry Gordon-Lennox, Earl of March; 1818-1903], pl. 22   Thomas Hutchinson Tristram, Q.C., D.C.L., Judge of the Consistory Court of London [1825-1912], p. 23 [attn.: marked 24]   The Right Hon. Sir Richard Malins [Q.C., M.P., Vice-Chancellor; 1805-1882], p. 24   General Sir Frederick Sleigh Roberts, G.C.B., V.C. [1st Earl Roberts; 1832-1914], p. 25   Warren De la Rue, M.A., D.C.L., F.R.S. [1815-1889], p. 26   Briton Riviere, Royal Academician [1840-1920], p. 27   Sir William Nathan Wright [Wrighte] Hewett, K.C.B., V.C., Rear-Admiral [1834-1888], pl. 28   The Very Rev. John Saul Howson, D.D., Dean of Chester [1816-1885], pl. 29   John Calcott Horsley, Royal Academician [1817-1903], pl. 30   Léon Gambetta, President of the French Chamber of Deputies [1838-1882], pl. 31   William Ballantine, Serjeant-at-Law [1812-1887], pl. 32   Marcus Stone, Associate of the Royal Academy [1840-1921], pl. 33   The Right Hon. Lord Abderdare [Henry Austin Bruce, 1st Baron Aberdare; 1815-1895], pl. 34   Hobart Pacha [Pasha], Marshal of the Ottoman Empire [Augustus Charles Hobart-Hampden; 1822-1886], pl. 35   Frederick Richard Pickersgill, Royal Academician [1820-1900], pl. 36   Seventh series (1883)   Admiral Sir A. [Astley] Cooper Key, K.C.B., F.R.S. , D.C. L. (Oxon.), First Sea Lord of the Admiralty [1821-1888], pl. 1   The Hon. Sir Lewis William Cave, Judge of the High Court of Judicature [1832-1897], pl. 2   Richard Norman Shaw, R.A., Architect [1831-1912], pl. 3   The Right Hon. Lord Carlingford, Lord Privy Seal [Chichester Samuel Parkinson-Fortescue, 2nd Baron Clermont and 1st Baron Carlingford; 1823-1898], pl. 4   William Benjamin Carpenter, C.B., M.D., LL.D., F.R.S., F.L.S., F.G.S. [1813-1885], pl. 5   The Very Reverend Edward Hayes Plumptre, D.D., Dean of Wells [1821-1891], pl. 6   The Honourable Sir James Charles Mathew, LL.D., Judge of the High Court of Justice [1830-?], pl. 7   The Right Hon. George Osborne Morgan, Q.C., M.P., Judge Advocate-General [1st Baronet; 1826-1897], pl. 8   Lumb Stocks, R.A. [1812-1892], pl. 9   Major General Sir Henry Evelyn Wood, V.C., K.C.B. [1838-1919], pl. 10   Henry Baker Tristram, M.A., F.R.S., LL.D., Canon of Durham [1822-1906], pl. 11   Sir Michael [Andrew Angus] Costa, Musical Composer [Michele Andrea Agnello Costa; 1810 (correct: 1808)-1884], pl. 12   Sir John Edmund Commerell, K.C.B., V.C., Vice Admiral [1829-1901], pl. 13   William Frederick Yeames, Royal Academician [1835-1918], pl. 14   Admiral Sir Sydney Colpoys Dacres, Governor of Greenwich Hospital [G.C.B.; 1804 (1805?)-1884], pl. 15   His Grace The [8th] Duke of Argyll, K.T. [George John Douglas Campbell, Marquess of Lorne; 1823-1900], pl. 16   Alfred Tennyson, Esq., D.C.L., F.R.S., poet laureate [1809-1892; Photograph by John Jabez Edwin Mayall], pl. 17   The Very Rev. George Granville Bradley, D.D., Dean of Westminster [1821-1903], pl. 18   Henry Irving, Actor [1838-1905], pl. 19   Benjamin Ward Richardson, M.D., LL:D., F.R.S., F.S.A. [1828-1896], pl. 20   The Right Rev. John Charles Ryle, D.D., Bishop of Liverpool [1810 (correct: 1816?)-1900], pl. 21   The Rev. Alfred Barry, D.D., D.C.L., Principal of King’s College, London [1826-1910], pl. 22   The Hon. Sir Edward Ebenezer Kay, Judge of the High Court of Justice [1822-1897], pl. 23   Richard Ansdell, Royal Academician [1815-1885], pl. 24   Lord Charles William Delapoer [de la Poer] Beresford, Captain, R.N. [1846-1919], pl. 25   Henry Hugh Armstead, Royal Academician [1828-1905], pl. 26   Captain Bedford Clapperton Trevelyan Pim, R.N. [1826-1886], pl. 27   Hon. Sir Joseph William Chitty, Judge of the High Court of Justice [1828-1899], pl. 28   Joseph Edgar Boehm, R.A. [1834-1890], pl. 29   Frank Dicksee, A.R.A. [1853-1928], pl. 30   Frank Holl, Associate of the Royal Academy. [1845-1888], pl. 31   Charles Thomas Newton, C.B., D.C.L., Professor of Archaeology at University College, London [1816-1894], pl. 32   John MacWhirter, A.R.A., H.R.S.A. [1839-1911], pl. 33   Dr. Charles William [Carl Wilhelm] Siemens, D.C.L., F.R.S. [industrialist; 1823-1883], pl. 34   The Right Rev. Alfred Blomfield, D.D., Bishop of Colchester [1833-1894], pl. 35   Rev. Sir Frederick A. Gore Ouseley, Bart., Professor of Music in the University of Oxford [1825-1889], pl. 36

Men Of Mark. By George C. Whitfield.
London: Samson Low And Co.
 
We now redeem the promise made in the course of our notices of the pictures at the recent Exhibition, and devote a short space to giving a more detailed account of Men of Mark than was possible at that time. Those who desire to see what the Woodbury process is capable of producing when worked at its best can certainly have their wish gratified by a perusal of this work. It will be remembered that the Woodbury Company exhibited a series of portraits of men who had achieved eminence in various walks of life in politics, theology, and soforth; and it will also be remembered by those who saw these portraits that the brilliancy, depth, purity, and perfection of half-tone were such as to have induced several spectators to observe that it was impossible that works so charming could have been produced by a mechanical printing process; yet such is the case.
 
Men of Mark form a gallery of contemporary portraits of men "distinguished in the senate, the church, in science, literature and art, the army, navy, law, medicine, &c." In the present work the first of a consecutive series of volumes there are thirty-six portraits of men coming under the above voluminous category, each portrait accompanied by a page of descriptive text, by Thompson Cooper, F.S.A. It is, however, in the photographs we are more particularly interested. They have all been photographed from life by Messrs. Lock and Mr. G. C. Whitfield, under whose superintendence this volume has been produced, deserves great credit for the felicitous manner in which he has managed to associate in one "happy family" the distinctive characters of which it is composed; for, as no special attempt at classification seems to have been intended, so there are no invidious distinctions observable in regard to priority of place. Churchmen and catholics, liberals and conservatives, and people holding the most diverse phases of opinion all are mixed together very harmoniously.
 
This volume, so replete with gems of portraiture, should find a place on the reception-room table of every photographer, as well as take a distinguished position among the pictorial treasures usually found on the table of the private drawing-room.

Men of Mark. (Second series).
London ; Sampson Low And Co.
 
If we were asked to indicate any special collection of portraits we should recommend to photographers as containing the most perfect studies of light and shade and breadth combined with sharpness, we should unhesitatingly name Men of Mark as that which fulfilled best these conditions. This work was commenced last year under the superintending care of Mr. George C. Whitfield, a member of the firm of Lock and Whitfield, and the first series having been concluded at the close of 1876 a second series was commenced, and is now completed under the same management. The present series of Men of Mark contains thirty-six portraits of "men distinguished in the senate, the church, in science, literature, and art, the army, navy, law and medicine." With two exceptions all these portraits have been taken by Messrs. Lock and Whitfield, these exceptions being Jules Verne (by M. Adam-Salomon) and Victor Hugo (by M. Carjat). The introduction of such portraits affords an opportunity of comparing the works of distinguished foreign artists with those of equal distinction in this oountry, with a result which must be gratifying to those good patriots who cannot discover anything abroad which surpasses "our own glorious constitution and institutions." Among the thirty-six portraits here presented there are indeed many "men of mark." Opening with Mr. Frederick Leighton, R.A, whose portrait is in profile, we soon come upon the open, honest face of Professor Tyndall, by which we are reminded that "once upon a time" it was our good fortune to receive a volume of portraits of men who were famous in the world of science, that of Professor Tyndall forming one of the number. These portraits of a former period are now "faded and withered;" most of them, in fact, seem to have been bleached out of the paper upon which they were printed. With the "men of mark" in the volume now under review no such fading can possibly take place, these portraits being printed by the Woodbury process, which is a guarantee not only for the faithful rendering of a negative but of absolute permanence. The portraits respectively of Mr. William Black, the Right Hon. Sir Stafford Northcote, Sir George Biddell Airy, the Hon. Sir William R, Grove, and Sir John Lubbock are exceedingly striking for their lifelike fidelity. Captain Burnaby, of Asiatic celebrity, Mr. Gustave Dore, Sir John Gilbert, the Right Hon. Lyon Playfair, Mr. James Nasmyth, and others of equal celebrity, are all here assembled, forming, out of elements of a diversified character, one harmonious whole. It need scarcely be said that a page of descriptive and biographical text accompanies each portrait, written by Mr. Thompson Cooper, F.S. A. The characteristics of these portraits are singular clearness, perfection of detail, skilful posing, and light and shade rendered in the most unexceptionable manner. We commend Men of Mark as a study to photographers.

Nadar Galerie Contemporaine    Title | Lightbox | Checklist

Herbert Rose  Barraud    Title | Lightbox | Checklist

Portrait Children    Title | Lightbox | Checklist

Portrait Children    Title | Lightbox | Checklist

Clarence H  White    Title | Lightbox | Checklist

• Face on confrontation with the camera
   
  This is best characterized by the catalogue of the German people created by August Sander - the photographs showed people as they really are with no retouching or hired in costumes. It is perhaps not surprising that his work did not find favor in the Germany of the 1930's and 40's. Martin Chambi at the same period was creating a remarkable body of work in the Andes where the subject accepted the formal pose required by the photographer.
   
  
• Tension in the shot
   
  With other photographers the camera angle selected created a tension in the shot that was unsettling and powerful. This style is perhaps best demonstrated by the portraits of Alexander Rodchenko or the photographs Leni Riefenstahl took of the athletes for the infamous Berlin Olympics.

August  Sander    Title | Lightbox | Checklist

Portrait SF Street Vendor    Title | Lightbox | Checklist

"It was conceived as a mirror of the universal elements and emotions in the everydayness of life - as a mirror of the essential oneness of mankind throughout the world."
 
Edward Steichen, 1955, The Family of Man (Simon and Schuster / Museum of Modern Art).

Eve Arnold Margaret Bourke-White Mathew Brady Bill Brandt Esther Bubley Robert Capa Henri Cartier-Bresson Jack Delano Alfred Eisenstaedt Bert Hardy

Consuelo Kanaga Dorothea Lange Russell Lee Wayne Miller Carl Mydans Marion Palfi Irving Penn Frank Scherschel Ben Shahn Edward Weston

"We show festive events, moments where a person rises above his everyday life, such as to elevate himself by joining a well-meaning circle in the certainty about the indivisibility of the nation, or to bask in the radiance from a trophy for his dog; or even to make sure to be among the redeemed by taking part in the procession on Corpus Christi Day. Should anybody nevertheless feel signs of sadness in our pictures, the blame should not be laid on us. Perhaps it is the paltriness of our everyday life, the insufficient conditions of production and working, which even in these festive moments show discernibly through."

1 Nothhelfer Nothhelfer    Title | Lightbox | Checklist

1 Nothhelfer Nothhelfer    Title | Lightbox | Checklist

A desire not to be taken  
  
       
  

 
Masks and veils  
  
    
  

 
The seemingly normal portrait  
  
                                         
  

 
Alternate personalities and questioning identity  
  
                    
  

 
Appropriation  
  
    
  

 
Identity documents  
  
      
  

 
Icons through alternative processes  
  
     
  

 
Death and crossing the Styx  
  
     
  

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